BACKGROUND It is recognized that, as a result of variation in tissue anatomy, current auto-injectors may have insufficient needle length to achieve successful intramuscular agent delivery in a number of patients. The Zeneo® auto-injector is a novel prefilled, single-use, needle-free device currently in development for intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular agent delivery across a variety ...

AIM Pain control, which is necessary during most dental procedures, is administered by injecting a local anaesthetic. Because the injection itself can be painful, the procedure via which pain is reduced warrants continued investigation. Only a few studies regarding the reaction of children to dental needle insertion without the use of topical anaesthetics have been reported. This study was cond...

Abstract A system of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) combined with pumping–injection wells is established in areas where the groundwater shallow and seepage velocity weak. The pumping injection are set on both sides BHEs. According to three-dimensional unsteady-state transfer model aquifer, convection–dispersion analytical solution excess temperature derived that considers groundwater-forced th...

We describe a microcontroller-based ice core melting and data logging system allowing simultaneous depth coregistration of a continuous flow analysis (CFA) system (for microparticle and conductivity measurement) and a discrete sample analysis system (for geochemistry and microparticles), both supplied from the same melted ice core section. This hybrid melting system employs an ice parcel tracki...

BACKGROUND The stimulation of acupoints along the meridians, but not the non-acupoints outside of the meridians, produces analgesia. Although the acupoint is defined at the body surface, the exact location of the acupoints is not known. This study aims to examine whether the intensity and duration of the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanynjiao acupoints (...

AIM The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fluid injection viscosity in combination with different injection volumes and flow rates on subcutaneous (SC) injection pain tolerance. METHODS The study was a single-center, comparative, randomized, crossover, Phase I study in 24 healthy adults. Each participant received six injections in the abdomen area of either a 2 or ...

A single two dimensional (2D) image does not contain depth information. An infinite number of points in the three dimensional (3D) space are projected to the same point in the image plane. But a single 2D image has some monocular depth cues, by which we can make a hypothesis of depth variation in the image to generate a depth map. This paper proposes an interactive method of depth map generatio...

For many years after the introduction of insulin the recommended injection technique was to raise a skin fold and insert the needle at an angle of 45°. With the advent of shorter 12-13 mm needles these two instructions were no longer thought necessary; the belief was that a full depth perpendicular injection would allow consistent deposition of insulin into subcutaneous adipose tissue.' This te...

Objective To investigate the clinical feasibility of the injection test for balloon placement during oesophageal pressure measurement in patients without spontaneous breathing. Methods The injection test was performed in 12 mechanically ventilated patients under deep sedation and paralysis. During withdrawal of the balloon from the stomach and air injection into the gastric lumen of the cathete...

In this research, we propose a mass production method of gratings integrated with micro channels (GIMC) by means of an improved micro injection molding technique. The GIMC can be used together with a waveguide layer as a biochip in bio-medical assays. In the improved micro injection molding technique of this work, we fabricate an injection mold of gratings through the use of a nanoimprint and p...