introduction: 17&beta-estradiol; modulates nociception by binding to the estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and gabaa receptors. in addition to its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (lpgi) is involved in the pain modulation, too. the aim of the current study was to investigate the involvement of the membr...

Advantages and possible risks associated with steroid injection compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for shoulder pain are not fully understood. To compare the efficiency and safety of steroid injection versus NSAIDs for patients with shoulder pain. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through July 2015. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and inte...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the pain on injection of articaine with adrenaline, prilocaine with phenylpressin , and lidocaine with adrenaline. STUDY DESIGN The study sample was comprised of 497 consecutively seen patients received 497 maxillary buccal infiltration injections or inferior alveolar block injections of 4% articaine with 1:200.000 adrenaline, 3%...

BackgroundThe absence of pain relief in infants can lead to harmful effects; so, this study aimed to investigate the effect of local heat on the pain of vitamin K injection in the infants.Materials and MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 healthy infants. For the control group, 1 mg vitamin K was injected into the vastus lateralis muscle by a nurse. In the 3 intervention gr...

AIM This review was performed to investigate the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of propofol injection pain. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ondansetron in preventing the pain on injection of propofol. Then, RevMan 5.2 was adopted to conduct a meta-analysis on propofol injecti...

OBJECTIVE Do intra-articular steroid injections relieve the pain of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee? DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Internet databases were searched for randomized controlled trials. STUDY SELECTION Five randomized controlled trials involving 312 patients were found. SYNTHESIS One week after injection, treated patients were less likely to have continuing pain and had ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the pain during injection administration and efficacy of transpapillary injection with palatal injection for simple maxillary tooth extractions. STUDY DESIGN Randomized control trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from July to December 2009. METHODOLOGY Patients r...

OBJECTIVE To assess the relative effectiveness of three injections methods suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) alone, intra-articular steroid injection (IAI) alone, or both-on relief of hemiplegic shoulder pain. METHODS We recruited 30 patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke. SSNB was performed in 10 patients, IAI in 10 patients, and a combination of two injections in 10 patients. Al...