BACKGROUND India accounts for 19% of global maternal deaths, three-quarters of which come from nine states. In 2005, India launched a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), to reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) through promotion of institutional births. JSY is the largest CCT in the world. In the nine states with relatively lower socioeconomic levels, JSY pr...

The paper discusses institutional dynamics and institutional barriers, looking at the way policy towards sustainable construction has been developed, and at the introduction of environmental standards and guidelines to traditional methods and traditional contracts. The three countries have introduced measures to conserve energy, use more renewables, manage the use of water and reduce air pollut...

Pressure for better measurement of stated learning outcomes has resulted in a demand for more frequent assessment. The resources available are seen to be static or dwindling, but Information and Communications Technology is seen to increase productivity by automating assessment tasks. This paper reviews computer-assisted assessment (CAA) and suggests future developments. A search was conducted ...

BACKGROUND Birth attendance by trained health workers is low in rural Nepal. Local participation in improving health services and increased interaction between health systems and communities may stimulate demand for health services. Significant increases in birth attendance by trained health workers may be affected through community mobilisation by local women's groups and health management com...

OBJECTIVE To explore organisational workflow and workplace culture influencing antibiotic prescribing behaviour from the perspective of key health care providers working in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Qualitative approach using semistructured interviews, focus groups and onsite observation between 8 January 2013 and 2 July 2013. Nursing staff, ge...

Tn applying cooperative game theory to economic problems of exchange, it is standard to assume that all logically possible coalitions may form. However, because of institutional, legal, or physical barriers, it may in fact be impossible for certain sets of agents to communicate or trade with one another directly. It would seem worthwhile to recognize this and to analyze the impact of such barri...

The paper shows spatial disparities in regional social and economic development under the influence of resource-related, geographic, scale and institutional factors. Leading and lagging regions are determined. Regional policy priorities are estimated in accordance with opportunities and barriers of spatial development of Russia.

We detail the rewards and barriers to participating in multidisciplinary research (MDR) using a 2011 survey of applied economists at U.S. universities. We compare these findings with an earlier 1993 survey to assess if rewards and barriers have changed over time. Different administrative levels of U.S. universities are sending contradictory signals regarding rewards from MDR. External funding a...

Public managers experience a growing demand for innovation. According to the public innovation literature, the barriers and drivers of public innovation are path dependently shaped by institutions. Based on a case study of collaborative innovation in the Danish Crime Prevention Council, the article argues that drivers emerge in a process of reactive sequences and that barriers emerge in a proce...

Part 1 of this 2-article series reviews serious moral problems created by emergency department (ED) crowding. In this second part of the series, we identify and describe operational and financial barriers to resolving the crisis of ED crowding, along with a variety of institutional and public policy strategies proposed or implemented to overcome those barriers. Finally, the article evaluates 2 ...