The positioning of sentential connectives in Chinese complex sentences is more flexible than their counterparts in English. Sentential connectives in Chinese can be placed in three sensitive positions: clause-initial, predicate-initial, and clause-final positions. Due to the co-existence of prepositions and postpositions in the language, sentential connectives can be placed in both clause-initi...

A sentential theory of attitudes holds that propositions (the things that agents believe and know) are sentences of a representation language. The idea has an obvious appeal to AI workers, who rely heavily on representation languages. Moore and Hendrix (1982) gave the classic statement of the case for a sentential theory of attitudes. Haas (1986), Perlis (1988), and Morgenstern (1987) among the...

How do logically naive individuals determine that an inference is invalid? In logic, there are two ways to proceed: (1) make an exhaustive search but fail to find a proof of the conclusion and (2) use the interpretation of the relevant sentences to construct a counterexample--that is, a possibility consistent with the premises but inconsistent with the conclusion. We report three experiments in...

We present a new approach to aligning bilingual English and Chinese text at sub-sentential level by interleaving alphabetic texts and punctuations matches. With sub-sentential alignment, we expect to improve the effectiveness of alignment at word, chunk and phrase levels and provide finer grained and more reusable translation memory.

(a) the modal auxiliaries ‘might’ and ‘must’, (b) the (sentential) adverbs ‘possibly’ and ‘probably’, (c) the various sentential operators that can be constructed from the modal adjectives ‘possible’ and ‘probable’, such as ‘it’s (very) possible that’, ‘it’s (very) probable that’, ‘there is a strong possibility that’, ‘is at least as probable as’, ‘is more probable than’, etc., and (d) those op...

Two logics are implicationally equivalent if the axioms and inference rules of each imply the axioms of the other. Characterizing the implicational equivalences of various formulations of the sentential calculi is foundational to the study of logic. Using an automated deduction system, I show that Łukasiewicz's CN sentential calculus can be derived from Church's P2; the proof appears to be novel.

Online measurement of sentential comprehension: • Participants completed an experimental task modeled after Kamide, Altmann and Haywood (2003). • In this task, (see Figure 1) participants hear simple, fiveword sentences containing an Agent, Action and Object as they view images containing four objects. • Eye movements were simultaneously recorded. • The task is to select the image that correspo...

Four experiments examined the strategies that individuals develop in sentential reasoning. They led to the discovery of five different strategies. According to the theory proposed in the paper, each of the strategies depends on component tactics, which all normal adults possess, and which are based on mental models. Reasoners vary their use of tactics in ways that have no deterministic account....

We propose the Probabilistic Sentential Decision Diagram (PSDD): A complete and canonical representation of probability distributions defined over the models of a given propositional theory. Each parameter of a PSDD can be viewed as the (conditional) probability of making a decision in a corresponding Sentential Decision Diagram (SDD). The SDD itself is a recently proposed complete and canonica...