We tested whether and how biases in visual perception might influence motor actions. To do so, we designed an interception task in which subjects had to indicate the time when a moving object, whose trajectory was occluded, would reach a target-area. Subjects made their judgments based on a brief display of the object’s initial motion at a given starting point. Based on the known illusion that ...

This paper presents a new framework for modeling light interception by isolated trees which makes it possible to analyze the in uence of structural tree organization on light capture. The framework is based on a multiscale representation of the plant organization. Tree architecture is decomposed into a collection of components representing clusters of leaves at di erent scales in the tree crown...

one of the main components affecting the ecohydrology is interception or loss of rainfall by plant canopy. interception of reduced effective precipitation and dry areas to prevent soil moisture. low level of abstraction is considered as important factors in managing rangeland resources. in this study, the vegetative form, some broad-leaved plants and plant selection and method of abstraction in...

The construction of carbon-carbon bonds, particularly with concomitant control of newly formed asymmetric centers, is of paramount importance for the development of synthetic routes to complex organic molecules. While cross-coupling reactions for the generation of sp(2) carbon centers are well established, similar methodology for the formation and control of sp(3)-hydridized carbon stereocenter...

Net canopy interception (Inet) during rainfall in an old-growth Douglas-fir–western hemlock ecosystem was 22.8 and 25.0% of the gross rainfall (PG) for 1999 and 2000, respectively. The average direct throughfall proportion (p) and canopy storage capacity (S) derived from high-temporal resolution throughfall measurements were 0.36 and 3.3 mm, respectively. Derived values of S were very sensitive...

Cribellar prey capture threads found in primitive, horizontal orb-webs reflect more light, including ultraviolet wavelengths, than viscous threads found in more derived, vertical orb-webs. Low web visibility and vertical orientation are each thought to increase prey interception and may represent key innovations that contributed to the greater diversity of modern, araneoid orb-weaving spiders. ...

We recorded the neuronal activity in the arm area of the motor cortex and parietal area 7a of two monkeys during interception of stimuli moving in real and apparent motion. The stimulus moved along a circular path with one of five speeds (180-540 degrees/s), and was intercepted at 6 o'clock by exerting a force pulse on a semi-isometric joystick which controlled a cursor on the screen. The real ...

This work develops methods to account for shoot structure in models of coniferous canopy radiative transfer. Shoot structure, as it varies along the light gradient inside canopy, affects the efficiency of light interception per unit needle area, foliage biomass, or foliage nitrogen. The clumping of needles in the shoot volume also causes a notable amount of multiple scattering of light within c...

When walking to intercept a moving target, people take an interception path that appears to anticipate the target's trajectory. According to the constant bearing strategy, the observer holds the bearing direction of the target constant based on current visual information, consistent with on-line control. Alternatively, the interception path might be based on an internal model of the target's mo...

A new fuzzified terminal guidance law is proposed which employs the versatile feature of the fuzzy logic system to shape a beneficial trajectory for target interception. In the proposed scheme, the guidance law is partitioned into three stages in accordance with the relative range between the interceptor and target. Estimated line-of-sight angle, line-of-sight angle rate, line-of-sight angular ...