Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a polymorphic disease which may show various clinical manifestations. Although genetic variability of the parasite is suggested to be one of the factors influencing clinical manifestations in leishmaniasis, no data exist regarding genetic polymorphism of Leishmania major. Therefore, determination of genetic variation within the species of L....

Utility of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) ribosomal RNA sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships among organisms have been proven. Although ITS1 and ITS2 are highly variable in sequence, they conserved structures that a key function processing rRNA gene transcripts. Determining such motif can help identify between organisms. Since has much more secondary structure, structural prop...

Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Procter & Gamble NV, Stro...

Multicopy genes, like ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), are widely used to describe and distinguish individuals. Despite concerted evolution that homogenizes a large number of rDNA gene copies, the presence of different gene variants within a genome has been reported. Characterization of an organism by defining every single variant of tens to thousands of rDNA repeat units present in a eukaryotic gen...

Although the genus Arthrinium (sexual morph Apiospora) is commonly isolated as an endophyte from a range of substrates, and is extremely interesting for the pharmaceutical industry, its molecular phylogeny has never been resolved. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU, 28S) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S rRNA gene of ...

Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) is one of the most important cotton crop pathogens. Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AGs) 7 and 4 are proven to be the most common pathogenic fungal strains on cotton crop. AG-7 can cause root rot in plants while damping-off of seedlings is most frequently attributed to AG-4. Sequencing of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of ribosomal DNA was performe...