With the classical sulfonation method of polystyrene-based strongly acidic cation exchange resins, polystyrene/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) alloy particles were sulfonated to obtain a cation exchange resin, which was then directly thermoformed to prepare a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) cation exchange membrane. The effects of the swelling agent, sulfonation time and tempera...

Interpenetration is known for the structures of many minerals and ice; most notably for ice, it exists in doubly interpenetrating (VI, VII, and VIII) and non-interpenetrating (Ih) forms with the latter being porous and having nearly half of the density of the former. In synthetic materials, specifically in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), interpenetration is generally considered undesirable bec...

Carbohydrate polymeric blend microspheres consisting of chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. These microspheres were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and loaded with Acebutolol HCl, an anti hypertensive drug. The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ...

New semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels based on chitosan and poly(acrylic acid), crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, were prepared by free radical polymerization method. IPN hydrogels were synthesized by simultaneous polymerization/crosslinking of acrylic acid monomer in the presence of chitosan and crosslinker. The structure and surface morphology of the IPN hydrogels were ch...

DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW Prashant Singh*, S.K. Senthil Kumar, T.S.Keerthi, T. Tamizh Mani, Anil Getyala Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharathi College of Pharmacy, Bharathinagara, Mandya, Karnataka – 571422,India Department of Pharmacognosy, Bharathi College of Pharmacy, Bharathinagara, Mandya, Karnataka – 571422,India Department of Industrial Pharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore, Karnatak...

In this paper, studies on polyelectrolyte hydrogels of both anionic and cationic type are reported. Partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide-polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating polymer (IPN) has been synthesized as the anionic hydrogel and chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating polymers have been synthesized as the cationic one, both through a simultaneous IPN method. In both cases, the crosslin...

Although alginate hydrogels have been extensively studied for tissue engineering applications, their utilization is limited by poor mechanical strength, rapid drug release, and a lack of cell adhesive ability. Aiming to improve these properties, we employ the interpenetrating hydrogel design rationale. Using alginate and sericin (a natural protein with many unique properties and a major compone...

In this paper, we demonstrate a double nanoimprinting process that allows the formation of nanostructured polymer heterojunctions of composition and morphology that can be selected independently. We fabricated photovoltaic (PV) devices with extremely high densities (10(14)/mm(2)) of interpenetrating nanoscale columnar features in the active polymer blend layer. The smallest feature sizes are as...

Hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and their interpenetrating networks (IPNs) were prepared using glutaraldehyde and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agents. The hydrogels were characterized by measuring their equilibrium polymer volume fraction, equilibrium swelling ratio, and mesh size. Drug and protein diffusion through these hydrogels were studie...