The objectives of this study were to develop and to characterize sodium alginate based matrix-type transdermal films of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MTC) in order to improve patient compliance to treatment. The suitability of sodium alginate was shown to be a natural film former in terms of the physicochemical, mechanical, and bioadhesive features of the MTC loaded transdermal films. Terpinole...

The application of low-frequency ultrasound for transdermal delivery of insulin is of particular public interest due to the increasing problem of diabetes. The purpose of this research was to develop an air ultrasonic ceramic transducer for transdermal insulin delivery and evaluate the possibility of applying a new portable and low-cost device for transdermal insulin delivery. Twenty-four rats ...

The present study was undertaken to develop a suitable transdermal matrix patch of ketorolac tromethamine with different proportions of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and ethyl cellulose (EC) using a D-optimal mixture design. The prepared transdermal patches were subjected to different physicochemical evaluation. The surface topography of the patches was examined by scanning electron microscopy (S...

   Repeated oral administration of mexazolam, an anti-anxiety agent, may cause adverse effects such as gastric disturbance, drowsiness, and ataxia due to transiently high blood levels. Transdermal administration would avoid the systemic side effects and gastric disorders after oral administration. We have developed a matrix using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), a heat-processible and flexible mat...

Skin constitutes an excellent barrier for the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic or high molecular weight drugs. Low efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials for some topical drugs is mainly due to low skin penetration ability related to the efficient barrier properties of stratum corneum (SC). Transdermal delivery of molecules in the skin is limited by the full epidermis, not just stratum cor...

Skin constitutes an excellent barrier for the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic or high molecular weight drugs. Low efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials for some topical drugs is mainly due to low skin penetration ability related to the efficient barrier properties of stratum corneum (SC). Transdermal delivery of molecules in the skin is limited by the full epidermis, not just stratum cor...

AIM To uptake and release hydrophilic model drugs and insulin in a novel conductive polymer (CP) nanotube transdermal patch. MATERIALS & METHODS The externally controlled transdermal delivery of model drugs and insulin were tested ex vivo and results were compared with CP films. The unique intrinsic properties of CPs provide electrostatic interaction between the model drugs and polymer backbo...

The purpose was to achieve therapeutic fluxes of timolol by transdermal delivery using skin electroporation. The transdermal transport of timolol through human stratum corneum was studied in three compartment diffusion cells. The electrodes, buffer composition and pulse conditions were optimized. Timolol maleate concentration in the donor compartment was 40 mg/ml. Square wave pulses were applie...

A matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system was developed for treating diseases of the eye where it is difficult for drug molecules to reach with conventional topical instillation. Prednisolone was employed as a model drug. An in vivo study using rats showed that the daily application of the patch maintained a constant plasma concentration of the drug, which was equivalent the therapeutic plas...

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oral oestrogen was predicted to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 50%. Randomized controlled trials show no such benefit, however, pointing instead to an initial increase in CHD events. Although the cardiovascular effects of transdermal HRT are largely unknown, improvements in arterial function are maintained when oestrogen is admi...