Judges made choices and raced strengths of preference between gambles composed of 50-50 chances to receive either of 2 monetary outcomes (x, y). Others judged how much they would pay to play their chosen gamble rather than the other gamble. Judged strengths of preference violated interval independence, because they depended on the value of a common outcome. For example, judges offered to pay an...

Precise identification of insect species plays an essential role in the accurate estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), especially when information on the postmortem phenomenon is not available. Sarcosaphagous beetles infest and colonize human and animal remains in the late stage of decomposition, and their morphological similarity poses a great challenge for forensic entomologists, as an...

A method for ray casting implicit surfaces, defined with procedural noise models, is presented. The method is robust in that it is able to guarantee correct intersections at all image pixels and for all types of implicit surfaces. This robustness comes from the use of an affine arithmetic representation for the quantity that expresses the variation of the implicit function along a ray. Affine a...

We extend the main formulas of interval arithmetic x1 x2 for diierent arithmetic operations x1 x2 to the case when, for each input xi, in addition to the interval xi = x i ; xi ] of possible values, we also know its mean Ei (or an interval Ei of possible values of the mean), and we want to nd the corresponding bounds for x1 x2 and its mean. A practically important class of statistical problems ...

Most data processing techniques traditionally used in scientific and engineering practice are statistical. These techniques are based on the assumption that we know the probability distributions of measurement errors etc. In practice, often, we do not know the distributions, we only know the bound ∆ on the measurement accuracy – hence, after the get the measurement result x̃, the only informatio...