“Whiplash Injury” describes those injury deriving from the sharp whipping movement of both head andneck, produced at moment a traffic accident, particularly following collision behind, head-on orside collisions. The use safety belts has led to reduction in deaths front-end collisions, butalso an increase cases typical whiplash. There are two types forces that cause whiplash injuries inrear-end ...

background & aim: low back pain is the most debilitating condition, and can lead to decreased physical function, compromised quality of life, and psychological distress. several studies have been conducted to recognize the risk factors of low back pain, but despite of strong relationship between obesity and low back pain, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. the aim of this study was to evalu...

Background & Aim: Low back pain is broadly documented as one of the most widespread pathologies in the advanced domain. Although the reasons of low back pain are uncountable, it has been meaningfully related to intervertebral disc degeneration. Present therapies for Intervertebral Disc (IVD) degeneration such as physical therapy and spinal fusion reduce symptoms' severity, but do not treat the ...

We present a novel ‘‘dynamic learning’’ approach for an intelligent image database system to automatically improve object segmentation and labeling without user intervention, as new examples become available, for object-based indexing. The proposed approach is an extension of our earlier work on ‘‘learning by example,’’ which addressed labeling of similar objects in a set of database images bas...

background haemophilus influenza may cause severe infections in children and adults. the isolation and identification of haemophilus spp. are not appropriately achieved in iran, while numerous infections are ascribed to the different members of this genus. lack of growth factors disks is our main shortage in this regard. materials and methods we obtained haemin (x-factor) from human blood, and ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient laparoscopic lumbar diskectomy (LLD) compared with laminectomy (LAM) in the surgical treatment of disabling L5-S1 disk herniation. Sixty-two adults underwent surgery for herniated L5-S1 intervertebral disks (31 LLD and 31 LAM). Operative blood loss (EBL) (milliliters), operative ...

PURPOSE To study the utility of high-dose contrast enhancement in the detection of recurrent herniated disk fragments. METHODS Recurrent herniated disks were modeled in nine dogs by placing a fragment of normal autologous disk tissue in the epidural space at laminectomy. MR was performed at 30, 60, and 90 days with 0.3 mmol/kg of gadoteridol and repeated 24 hours later with 0.1 mmol/kg of gad...