Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains a major global health burden, requiring development of novel strategies to limit and drive durable protective immunity. Type III interferon (IFN), IFN-lambda, plays an important role in regulating IAV immunity, but it’s contribution adaptive immunity less understood. Our previous research found mice lacking the IFN-lambda receptor (Ifnlr1−/−) a...

Abstract Lung alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside in the space and function as key sentinels to promote lung immune resilience. Notably, major cell target of early Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, AMs provide a permissive cellular niche for rapid Mtb growth. However, mechanisms which regulate permissiveness during infection remain elusive. Here, we aimed identify intrinsic features tha...

Type-1 immune responses, mediated by IFNg and TNFaproducing CTLs, Th1, and NK cells, are essential for effective anti-tumor immunity. Despite recent advances in the induction and stabilization of these responses by cancer immunotherapies, the clinical success of these approaches remain limited. Here, we report that the activation of type-1 immunity within the human tumor microenvironment (TME) ...

Human newborns and infants are bombarded with multiple pathogens on leaving the sterile intra-uterine environment, and yet have suboptimal innate immunity and limited immunological memory, thus leading to increased susceptibility to infections in early life. They are thus the target age group for a host of vaccines against common bacterial and viral pathogens. They are also the target group for...

The MHC is a large genetic region controlling Ag processing and recognition by T lymphocytes in vertebrates. Approximately 40% of its genes are implicated in innate or adaptive immunity. A putative proto-MHC exists in the chordate amphioxus and in the fruit fly, indicating that a core MHC region predated the emergence of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates. In this study, we identify a pu...

Dendritic cells are highly adapted to their role of presenting antigen and directing immune responses. Developmental studies indicate that DCs originate independently from monocytes and tissue macrophages. Emerging evidence also suggests that distinct subsets of DCs have intrinsic differences that lead to functional specialisation in the generation of immunity. Comparative studies are now allow...

Age-related declines in immune function are associated with reduced humoral responses following vaccination or infection. Central to this defect is a decline in naïve CD4+ T cell function. In this review, we discuss factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the CD4+ T cell compartment that affect host immunity and propose means by which deficient CD4+ T cell function can be fully restored in the aged.

background: motivation is a driver to health worker performance in most ghanaian hospitals. in view of this, ghana’s ministry of health has rolled out enough motivational policies to accentuate work performance of health workers. objective: the focus of this study was to examine the impact of motivation and identify how intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors affect the work performance of h...

• Radiotherapy affects immune populations in the TME, including MDSCs. Conventional fractionated radiation schedules are associated with MDSC recruitment. Radiotherapy, inflammation and hypoxia play a role function Both MDSC-intrinsic -extrinsic STING signaling able to alter behavior. Future studies should focus on elucidating potential of cGAS function. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)...