BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy has been used for chronic heart failure and is believed to improve imbalance of autonomic control by increasing parasympathetic activity. Although it is known that there is neural communication between the VN and the cervical sympathetic trunk, there are few data regarding the quantity and/or distribution of the sympathetic components within the ...

We investigated the relationship between the membrane potential of frog taste cells in the fungiform papillae and the tonic discharge of parasympathetic efferent fibers in the glossopharyngeal (GP) nerve. When the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers in the GP nerve were kept intact, the mean membrane potential of Ringer-adapted taste cells was -40 mV but decreased to -31 mV after transecting t...

The adrenergic innervation of the canine kidney was studied with the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp in conjunction with chemical assays for catecholamines in specific portions of the kidney. Adrenergic nerve fibers were seen traveling along the interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries and along the afferent arterioles. The vasa recta of the outer medulla also recei...

We have developed a new technique for the morphological differentiation of various nerve fibers which is especially suitable for the morphometric study of nerve fibers of the human nervous system with the help of an image-analyzer. The knowledge from findings by this technique, which is based on several study methods, may be of importance in promoting further neuromorphologic studies and in pro...

We used the NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method as a potential marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland of the sheep. Nerve fibers containing NADPH-diaphorase activity provide dense innervation of the sheep pineal gland. The nerve fibers were located in the pineal capsule, in the connective tissue septae separating the lobull of the gland, an...

INTRODUCTION Although the prevalence of arthritis dramatically increases with age, the great majority of preclinical studies concerning the mechanisms that drive arthritic joint pain have been performed in young animals. One mechanism hypothesized to contribute to arthritic pain is ectopic nerve sprouting; however, neuroplasticity is generally thought to be greater in young versus old nerves. H...

Intrinsic tongue muscles, especially the transverse and vertical (T&V) muscles, regulate the shape of the tongue. However, little information is available on the nerve distribution pattern in human T&V muscles. Using S100 protein immunohistochemistry for paraffin-embedded histology, we investigated semiserial sagittal or frontal sections of eight human fetal tongues (180-240 mm crown-rump lengt...

Regional anesthesia (RA) is an interplay between the local anesthetic (LA) solution and neural structures, resulting in nerve conduction blockade. For that, it necessary to understand which hurdles LA has overcome components of nerves are involved. Background knowledge non-neural helps locate safest area for deposition. In addition, physiology process patterns block onset, involved fibers, regr...

Previous studies have demonstrated that the epithelium of the respiratory portion of rat nasal mucosa is amply supplied by nerve fibers with immunoreactivities for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), these fibers most likely acting as sensory mediators in the mucosa. The present study demonstrates that some intraepithelial fibers contain a VIP-immunoreactivity whose occ...

The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the canine kidney was studied by the histochemical method of Karnovsky and Roots and compared to the distribution of adrenergic fibers studied with the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp. Specific inhibitors of nonspecific cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase were used to differentiate between the two enzymes. In the hilus, acet...