muhammad ibn jarir al-tabari (839-923) was a moslem historian and religious scholar whose annals are the most important source for the early history of islam. he is also a renowned author of a monumental commentary on the koran. at tabari wrote history, theology and qur'anic commentary. his legal writings were published first and then continued to appear throughout his life. next were his ...

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is the second interpretation after Tarjuman al-Mustafid written in Malay language 19th century AD by Sheikh Muhammad Sa’id ibn Umar. The main objective of this study to identify influence external source text al-Ihsan. This important because it can unravel reference works used Said Umar when producing disclosure also strengthen work and continue be a guide for community unde...

Even for the knowledgeable, the tasks get vitiated by the blemishes of fate or the gods, or the human nature. It is not impossible to divine what is meant here, but how much more idiomatically it could have been done: Things go wrong, even for the wise, because of the iniquities of fate and of men. The bibliographical control of source works is almost non-existent, although this is not always a...

After the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476, scientific progress in Europe had come to a standstill. This era between fall of Rome and the Renaissance is commonly known as the dark ages. However, from the 8th till 13th century, scientific and cultural knowledge had flourished in the Islamic world. This period, which began soon after the establishment of the Abbasid Khalifate in Baghdad in the ...

Tafsir Falsafi (philosophical exegesis) is one of the Islamic intellectual resource that have occupied intellectualism Muslim thinkers since early period. However, epistemological side interpretation model was problematic, as it creates controversy among readers. Today, still frequently found from some Quranic studies. This paper discusses Muhammad Husain al-Zahabi’s thoughts on philosophical i...

The birth of the scientific clinical trial is often cited as an experiment by James Lind. On 20 May 1743, Lind compared the effect of a few supposed nutritional remedies against scurvy. The research subjects, 12 sailors suffering from scurvy on board the ship HMS Salisbury, were divided into 6 groups. In one group, each patient was given 2 oranges and 1 lemon every day, to eat upon an empty sto...