Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a common cause of acute respiratory failure,1 leading to over 700,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States.2 Approximately 50% of patients suffering hypercapnic respiratory failure from exacerbations of COPD require some form of ventilatory support.3 The ventilatory strategy employed in such patients has evolved during ...

6 In the previous issue of Annals, a single‐center unblinded study assessing the outcomes of noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation versus typical positive pressure ventilation through an endotracheal tube for patients with respiratory failure following initial extubation after open heart surgery provides an important reminder that traditional care requires continuous question...

background the forced oscillation technique (fot) is a non-invasive means of measuring respiratory resistance and reactance. we tested our hypothesis that endotracheal intubation would cause more substantial preoperative increases in fot parameters than a supraglottic airway device (sgd). methods forty patients requiring general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation for transurethral bladder tu...

background: nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nippv) is a non-invasive ventilatory mode, which delivers mechanical ventilation via nasal tubes or prongs. the present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of nippv and nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (ncpap) in reducing the need for intubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (rds)....

Following unsuccessful treatment with noninvasive ventilation (NIV), patients requiring subsequent placement on invasive mechanical ventilation have a high mortality rate. Invasive mechanical ventilation is particularly problematic in patients with acute respiratory failure due to bronchiectasis exacerbation, as it is associated with a mortality rate of 19-35% and prolonged ICU stay. Here, we d...