This article asks whether the novel EU approach to member states’ economic adjustment strategies constitutes a ‘social investment turn’ by Italian and Spanish welfare states. The analytical framework combines insights from different strands of literature on policy change, in particular those devoted legacies policy-making ‘conditionings’ (constraints facilitators). study assesses extent social ...

T he information economy is formed not of nations but of regions or cities that are networked through people, investment, and telecommunications to further some aspect of global technology development. Shanghai are key hubs in this global economy, where entrepre-neurial plans, government policy, and technology innovation combine to create new businesses, markets, and economic realities. The str...

Abstract This paper examines the issue of earning management in companies with equity incentives from two dimensions: manipulation intensity R&D and accounting treatment by using a sample Shanghai Shenzhen listed China 2014 to 2019. We find that order depress benchmarks exercise prices for performance appraisal incentive covenants, managers not only conduct accrual earnings expensing expend...

BACKGROUND The current food, fuel, and financial crises have highlighted the importance of school feeding programs both as a social safety net for children living in poverty and food insecurity, and as part of national educational policies and plans. OBJECTIVE To examine the costs of school feeding, in terms of both the absolute cost per child and the cost per child relative to overall educat...

In highly social species, dominant individuals often monopolize reproduction, resulting in reproductive investment that is status dependent. Yet, for subordinates, who typically invest less in reproduction, social status can change and opportunities to ascend to dominant social positions are presented suddenly, requiring abrupt changes in behaviour and physiology. In this study, we examined mal...

This study examines the moderating effects of involvement with respect to customer relationship management of the airline sector, according to the perceptions of Taiwanese international air passengers. Results indicate that relationship bonding, perceived relationship investment, relationship quality and behavioral loyalty are positively related, with involvement moderately affecting how financ...

In more than 95% of mammalian species, males provide little direct investment in the well-being of their offspring. Humans are one notable exception to this pattern and, to date, the factors that contributed to the evolution and the proximate expression of human paternal care are unexplained (T. H. Clutton-Brock, 1989). The nature, extent, and influence of human paternal investment on the physi...

This study aims at determining the personality traits and investment patterns in the stock market and presenting the pattern with a behavioral finance approach. This is an applied, descriptive- survey, and cross-sectional study. The statistical population includes real investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The required information was collected using questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS ...