The effect of contact ion pairs and comparison the three halide ions on electrophilic C-H activation during base-free synthesis Ru(III)-NHC complexes [RuIII(PyNHCR)(Cl)3(H2O)] (1a; R = Me, 1b; iPr) have been investigated. DFT modelling two pathways for formation complexes, viz. coordination pathway ion-pair pathway, reveals generation carbene. path is preferred azolium salts with Cl− I−, wherea...

Electrical signaling in biology depends upon a unique electromechanical transduction process mediated by the S4 segments of voltage-gated ion channels. These transmembrane segments are driven outward by the force of the electric field on positively charged amino acid residues termed "gating charges," which are positioned at three-residue intervals in the S4 transmembrane segment, and this movem...

A theoretical investigation associated with obliquely propagating ion-acoustic shock waves (IASHWs) in a three-component magnetized plasma having inertialess non-extensive electrons, inertial warm positive and negative ions has been performed. Burgers equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. Our model supports both structures under consideration of electrons. It found...

The computer simulation program of a practical scale reverse electrodialysis process has been developed based on the program for saline water electrodialysis. The program is applied to compute the performance of an industrial-scale reverse electrodialysis stack (effective membrane area S = 1 m × 1 m = 1 m2, cell pair number N = 300 pairs). The stack operatingconditions are optimized. Seaw...