Abstract Historians of the professionalization medicine in colonized regions, including Middle East, have mostly focused on male practitioners, whereas histories women medical professions are centered Western societies. The present issue examines female practitioners by looking at case studies spanning twentieth century from Algeria, Palestine, Israel, Iran, and Iraq. introduction to this offer...

In this study, a cross-cultural analysis was undertaken to compare the knowledge of organic producers and agricultural experts in Iran concerning concepts good farming, farmer, farming field sustainable agriculture. We put conversation with Bourdieu’s cultural capital, identity, dynamics ‘rules game’ determine gaps between farmers field. Data are derived from interviews 45 52 experts. The findi...

After 1991, the Caucasus republics, became a special focus of foreign policy Iran. Relations with IRI were important for Armenia also. needed Iran ensuring its energy security. Iran, rich in hydrocarbon resources, has also shown interest South as one regional actors, seeing region new market exports. The article examines factors influencing establishment cooperation between and main directions ...

The Islamic Republic of Iran is confronting a crisis. Thousands Iranians, within and without Iran, have taken to the streets call for an end regime that sanctions violence against its citizens future dwindling opportunity youth. These ongoing protests, catalyzed by killing Mahsa Amini, seem at once nothing everything do with question motivating this roundtable: How can capitalism help us unders...

Strengthening research capacity in low- and middle-income countries is one of the most effective ways of advancing their health and development but the complexity and heterogeneity of health research capacity strengthening (RCS) initiatives means it is difficult to evaluate their effectiveness. Our study aimed to enhance understanding about these difficulties and to make recommendations about h...

Results from the Tasmanian Successful School Principal Project (SSPP) survey concur with the four major leadership tensions and dilemmas identified in a background literature review. These tensions and dilemmas relate to internal/external control, ethic of care/responsibility, and an emphasis on professional/personal as well as leadership/management. The results also offer new insights. These i...

The concentrations of 02 and CO2 in tissues (i.e., the extracellular tissue spaces) can be an index to the relationship between the blood flow and metabolism of an organ. Since the optimal performance of an organ is expected to occur between definable limits of the tissue 02 and CO2 tensions (1, 2), correct values for these gas tensions delineate the most suitable relationship between flow and ...

Traffic accidents are the reason for 25% of unnatural deaths in Iran. The main objective of this study is to find a simple model for the estimation of economic costs especially in Islamic countries (like Iran) in a straightforward manner. The model can show the magnitude of traffic accident costs with monetary equivalent. Data were collected from different sources that included traffic police r...