The Common Law: Vicarious Liability and the Development of Primary Liability UNLESS THE TERMS OF THE STATUTE INVOLVED SPECIFICALLY PROVIDE TO the contrary, the criminal responsibility of a company or corporation, as distinct from its officers or employees, falls to be determined by common law principles. Under original common law, a company could not be convicted for any criminal offence. The c...

the international criminal court , which is part of the fourth generation of the criminal courts, plays a prominent role in the institutionalization of international humanitarian law (ihl). hence, it was expected that negotiators utilized from previous criminal tribunals experiences and they terminated in the distinctions between gross breaches of international humanitarian law. it was expected...

to enforce general policies of article 44, ''law of enforcing general policies of article 44 of the constitution'' was recently approved by islamic consultative assembly. the main objective of the present paper is analysis and study of aspects of criminal policy inserted in the law through identification of criminal behaviors and predicted responses. with respect to criminal phenomenon, study t...

the social security act is called as a new branch of law. one of the important sections on social security criminal act is the section 97 which in this article will be studied with the aim of explaining of the article as one of the rules of social security, pathology and extending of the law literature of social security. this study shows that, while the 97 section creates and states the new an...

handling stolen goods has been recognized as an independent offence in both iranian and english law. committing this offence, tacitly support those actions that are called theft. however, penal policy of iran’s legislator does not provide effective fighting against the handlers of stolen goods. in others words, comparing the two iranian and english legal system, make this issue clear that crimi...

Yale Kamisar has explained how events that occurred about fifty years ago led to the creation of a stand-alone criminal procedure course and, a few years later, led to the division of that stand-alone course into two courses. The second of those courses came to be called, almost from the outset, the “Jail-to-Bail” course. My focus today is on why that course was created and how it was shaped. M...

SECTION 1001 of the Criminal Code provides criminal sanctions against persons who deal fraudulently with government agencies.1 Although the origin of the statute dates from 1863,2 only recently have Government attorneys made frequent use of its provisions. In United States v. Diogo, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit supplemented the increasing body of judicial interpretation of sectio...