The present study aimed at Investigating the knowledge and attitude of Nursing Students towards Iranian Traditional Medicine in universities of Tehran in 2012-2013. 300 students of nursing studying at different universities in Tehran participated in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The data was collected through a standard questionnaire with an acceptable validity and reliability. The q...

Competition between marine mammals and fisheries for marine resources-whether real or perceived-has become a major issue for several countries and in international fora. We examined trophic interactions between marine mammals and fisheries based on a resource overlap index, using seven Ecopath models including marine mammal groups. On a global scale, most food consumed by marine mammals consist...

Over the course of the 20th century, fossil fuels became the dominant energy input to most of the world's fisheries. Although various analyses have quantified fuel inputs to individual fisheries, to date, no attempt has been made to quantify the global scale and to map the distribution of fuel consumed by fisheries. By integrating data representing more than 250 fisheries from around the world ...

J. E. Toft1*, J. L. Burke2, M. P. Carey2, C. K. Kim1,3, M. Marsik4, D. A. Sutherland5, K. K. Arkema1, A. D. Guerry1, P. S. Levin2, T. J. Minello6, M. Plummer2, M. H. Ruckelshaus1, and H. M. Townsend7 The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard Ea...

About 25% of the world's fisheries are depleted such that their current biomass is lower than the level that would maximize the sustained yield (MSY). By using methods not previously applied in the fisheries conservation context, we show in four disparate fisheries (including the long-lived and slow-growing orange roughy) that the dynamic maximum economic yield (MEY), the biomass that produces ...

Patrick D. Lynch1‡*, Janet A. Nye2, Jonathan A. Hare1, Charles A. Stock3, Michael A. Alexander4, James D. Scott4, Kiersten L. Curti5, and Katherine Drew6 NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labora...

Fisheries are an essential ecosystem service, but catches from freshwaters are often overlooked. Hundreds of millions of people around the world benefit from low-cost protein, recreation, and commerce provided by freshwater fisheries, particularly in regions where alternative sources of nutrition and employment are scarce. Here, we derive a gridded global map of riverine fisheries and assess it...

The fisheries of Hawaii and other u.S.-associated islands in the Pacific Ocean are characterized by high diversity, both in the species exploited and the human cultures that exploit them. The commercial sector has undergone rapid growth in recent years, but recreational and subsistence sectors remain important. Information on these fisheries is generally not available in published form. This pa...

1. Fisheries bycatch has been implicated in declines of many long-lived marine vertebrate populations, but bycatch impacts on these populations vary according to spatio-temporal overlap in fisheries operations and critical ontogenetic habitat, as well as to characteristics of fishing gear. 2. To provide a framework for comparing the relative impacts of different fisheries on populations of logg...

The public perception of fisheries is that they are in crisis and have been for some time. Numerous scientific and popular articles have pointed to the failures of fisheries management that have caused this crisis. These are widely accepted to be overcapacity in fishing fleets, a failure to take the ecosystem effects of fishing into account, and a failure to enforce unpalatable but necessary re...