This paper examines the role that political institutions play in inducing or subduing ethnic identification. I provide a formal model of ethnic identification as a function of institutional design and social context that focuses on one question: what kinds of institutions will induce individuals to identify with the state rather than along ethnic lines? Among other things, the model offers pred...

The clinical features of 21 episodes of skeletal brucellosis in 17 Iraqi patients are reported. Six had monarthritis of a large joint, six had spondylitis, and five had spondarthritis. Brucellosis remains a major health problem in Iraq. The disease is transmitted to man through the ingestion of unpasteurised milk or milk products but can also be acquired through physical contact.

Though many Iraqis are unhappy with the presence of US-led forces, most express strong support for various forms of international assistance, including the presence of foreign security forces, UN (rather than US) leadership on reconstruction, an international conference of global and regional players to address Iraq's needs, engagement by the Arab League and a variety of forms of nonmilitary US...

Several  studies  have  indicated  that  the  range  and  linguistics  expressions  of  external modifiers  available  in  one  language  differ  from  those  available  in  another  language.  The present study aims to investigate the cross-cultural differences and similarities with regards to  the  realization  of  request  external  modifications.  To  this  end,  30  Iraqi  and  30  Malay u...

yahya alsamavi is one of iraqi's contemporary poets who has experienced iraqis’ predicament in the years of saddam dictatorship and in the following years of american occupation and the false liberty. he is a committed poet has devoted himself honestly to the iraqi people and their sufferings, while he is himself a victim of resistance on ideals and became homelessness. his true feelings r...

Hepatic abscess was studied in 21 established cases in Basrah hospitals (Southern Iraq) during 1985 to 1988. Age of patients varied from 19 to 60 years. There were 7 females and 14 males and most of them from urban areas. All patients had a single abscess and the common site affected was the right lobe. Microorganisms isolated from 19 patients included a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteri...

an air force has gained command of the air, it should maintain violent, uninterrupted action against surface objectives, so that it may crush the material and moral resistance of the enemy'-Guilio Douhet, 1921.

Forty-nine of the 52 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SNPforID 52plex were typed in 101 unrelated Iraqis living in Denmark. No significant deviation from HWE was found in all but one of the 49 SNP systems and no significant pairwise linkage disequilibrium was observed for any SNP pair. When 18 worldwide populations were compared (including populations in Iraq, Turkey, Isr...