INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of a sonic device (Vibringe), syringe irrigation, and passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of debris from simulated root canal irregularities. METHODS Root canals with 2 standardized grooves in the apical and coronal parts were filled with dentin debris. Three different irrigation procedures were performed with NaOCl (1%...

The success of seedling establishment of desert plants is determined by seedling emergence response to an unpredictable precipitation regime. Sand burial is a crucial and frequent environmental stress that impacts seedling establishment on sand dunes. However, little is known about the ecological role of seed mucilage in seedling emergence in arid sandy environments. We hypothesized that seed m...

Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide), a pesticide that is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, is widely used in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) industry in Australia and is a risk to the downstream riverine environment. We used the GLEAMS model to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of management scenarios aimed at minimizi...

Between 1995 and 2003 sugarcane farmers in Bundaberg had access to limited irrigation water. Over this time water allocations were effectively a quarter of the requirements for a fully irrigated crop. In response to this problem irrigation strategies were developed to assist farmers. Field investigations focused on the performance of water winch and furrow irrigation systems, which make up 91% ...

BACKGROUND Electrode cooling by circulating fluid within the electrode (closed loop) or open irrigation facilitates radiofrequency (RF) ablation. This study compared lesion parameters between closed loop and open irrigation with the use of a canine model. METHODS AND RESULTS In 8 anesthetized dogs, the skin over the thigh muscle was incised and raised, forming a cradle superfused with heparin...

The improvement of irrigation systems in the Nile Delta is one of the most important attempts in Egypt to implement more effective irrigation technology by improving the existing irrigation networks. Demand delivery system in the existing irrigation network is using of mechanical gates structures to automatically divert water from one portion of an agricultural field to another in the desired a...

In arid areas, people living in the proximity of irrigation infrastructure are potentially exposed to a higher risk of malaria due to changes in ecohydrological conditions that lead to increased vector abundance. However, irrigation provides a pathway to economic prosperity that over longer time scales is expected to counteract these negative effects. A better understanding of this transition b...

infiltration in furrow irrigation is 2-d which depends on both time and surface characteristics at which infiltration occurs. however, in many furrow irrigation models, infiltration is determined as a function of infiltration time opportunity, assuming the variation of weted perimeter is low along furrow. in order to compare the proposed asumptions, two zero-inertia furrow irrigation models wer...

allergic patients during the pollen season. Nasal tissues appear to play a critical role in this rise because levels of IgE to these allergens may be inhibited by intranasal steroids administered during the season.1,2 Sodium chloride nasal irrigation is an old home remedy used for rhinitis relief with a presumably rather simple action: nasal cleansing and secretion removal. Here we have assesse...

abstract optimal management of water and nutrient could consider as effective on farm method to reduce pollution because agriculture is none point pollution. in this research, an optimal model was presented to reduce nitrate loss in furrow fertigation. the optimal model contains four simulation models for predicting runoff, deep percolation, nitrate concentration in runoff and nitrate concentra...