East Africa has a high tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality, yet there are very limited data on exposure to TB drugs in patients from this region. We therefore determined the pharmacokinetic characteristics of first-line TB drugs in Tanzanian patients using intensive pharmacokinetic sampling. In 20 adult TB patients, plasma concentrations were determined just before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8...

Isoniazid is the mainstay of antitubercular therapy and is included in nearly every drug regime. Cases of intentional and accidental overdose have been reported(l,2) though with less than expected frequency considering the drug's extensive use. The principal manifestations of isoniazid overdose include recurrent seizures, metabolic acidosis and coma(3,4). We report two cases of isoniazid overdo...

The drug-parasite relationships for isoniazid and rifampicin have been investigated, using cultures of M. tuberculosis and infected guinea-pigs. It is remarkable that there appear to be two entirely different mechanisms involved in intermittent chemotherapy with isoniazid and rifampicin. With isoniazid, any escape from the influence of the drug leads to diminished efficacy. On the other hand, w...

A sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for determining isoniazid in serum or plasma. It is extracted from biological fluids by a mixture of organic solvents and re-extracted into hydrochloric acid. In this medium, isoniazid reacts with trans-cinnamaldehyde to form a derivative absorbing maximally at 340 nm. The method is five times more sensitive than published procedures in which v...

BACKGROUND Children are highly susceptible to tuberculosis; thus, there is need for safe and effective preventive interventions. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of isoniazid in prevention of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in children aged 15 years or younger by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis evaluati...

Khuhawar et al. (1998) studied the HPLC determination of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in the pharmaceutical preparations. Isoniazid alone and along with pyrazinamide and rifampicin has been estimated by HPLC. Rifampicin and pyrazinamide were separated from the derivative of isoniazid and are simultaneously determined. The chromatography is carried out from C18 column. These drugs were...

The case is described of a 73 year old man who presented with a lupus-like syndrome related to treatment with isoniazid and had IgG antinuclear antibodies against the nucleo-histone complex (H2A-H2B)-DNA. After a short course of treatment with prednisone and discontinuation of isoniazid the patient's lupus symptoms resolved and a gradual decrease in antibodies to (H2A-H2B)-DNA occurred. This ca...

Plasma isoniazid and rifampin concentrations, but not pyrazinamide and ethambutol concentrations, were decreased by about 50% (P < 0.05) in diabetic pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The prevalences of subnormal plasma isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol concentrations were 49% or 100% (P < 0.01), 66% or 100% (P < 0.05), 30% or 50% (P = 0.198), and 32% or 21% (P = 0.742) in nondiab...

Isoniazid (INH) is a key antitubercular agent, which exhibits poor chemical stability in the solid state associated with hydrazide group. Cocrystallization Gentisic Acid having antioxidant activity, may produce forms improved pharmaceutical properties. The complementary nature of functional groups isoniazid and chosen coformer resulted success for cocrystal formation. Cocrystal (INH-Gentisic ac...

IMPORTANCE Three months of a once-weekly combination of rifapentine and isoniazid for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is safe and effective for persons 12 years or older. Published data for children are limited. OBJECTIVES To compare treatment safety and assess noninferiority treatment effectiveness of combination therapy with rifapentine and isoniazid vs 9 months of isoniazid trea...