The intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, together with the thioredoxin and glutathione systems, is thought to participate in redox signaling in mammalian cells. The activity of thioredoxin is dependent on the redox status of thioredoxin reductase (TR), the activity of which in turn is dependent on a selenocysteine residue. Two mammalian TR isozymes (TR2 and TR3), in addition to ...

We examined the expression of cytochemical markers of myeloid and monocyte-macrophage differentiation in conjunction with ultrastructural studies of different malignant erythroleukemic cells isolated from mice infected with the Friend polycythemic virus complex (FLV-P). The amounts of fluoride-sensitive and resistant nonspecific esterase activity increased with the progression of malignancy. Is...

The cDNAs encoding lactate dehydrogenase isozymes LDH-A (muscle) and LDH-B (heart) from alligator and turtle and LDH-A, LDH-B, and LDH-C (testis) from pigeon were cloned and sequenced. The evolutionary relationships among vertebrate LDH isozymes were analyzed. Contrary to the traditional belief that the turtle lineage branched off before the divergence between the lizard/alligator and bird line...

Intramolecular isotope effects were determined for the N-demethylation of N-methyl-N-trideuteriomethylaniline catalyzed by two isozymes of cytochrome P-450 and several peroxidases in order to differentiate between deprotonation and hydrogen atom abstraction steps. Lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and two isozymes of horseradish peroxidase catalyzed the hydroperoxide-dependent N-demethyla...

The arylsulfatase isozymes of Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. chelonei subsp. chelonei, and M. chelonei subsp. abscessus were examined to determine the isozymal and immunological relationship among the members of the M. fortuitum complex. Cell extracts were subjected to electrophoresis on agarose and polyacrylamide gel, and arylsulfatase activity was localized using beta-naphthyl sul...

Detailed studies of a relatively large number of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases of different electrophoretic mobilities have shown that individually each is very similar to one of the major isozymes, either B or C. The enzymatic activities, the zinc, nitrogen, and amino acid contents, and the molecular weights of members of a given type are similar. Some differences in the tryptic peptid...

The particulate and soluble fractions of cell-free extracts from seeds, roots, and leaves of 10 different plants were examined electrophoretically for isozymes of malate dehydrogenase. Distinct isozyme patterns were observed for each plant and even for the individual tissues of each species. There were some isozymes in several different plant extracts with equal electrophoretic mobilities, but ...

Four pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases, glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH),3 isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and malic dehydrogenase (MDH), and their isozymes have been studied in the normal virgin rat breast, in the breast of tumor-bearing rats, in the breast cancers themselves, and in these tissues following ovariectomy. Enzyme activity expressed per ...