Innovation is central to the scientific endeavor, and yet the current system of funding in the United States discourages innovation, especially in the young. Subtle alterations to the funding system, guided in part by the success of the European Research Council, could have major effects on encouraging innovation.

Agriculture remains vital in ensuring the food security of developing economies like India, yet increasing rural-urban migration, an aging farm population, and waning interest rural youth agriculture are emerging concerns. This paper focuses on aspirations parents their children agriculture, challenges they confront, potential solutions. We draw qualitative data from two sites Southern differen...

Two key questions in thinking about the size and growth of the disability insurance program are to what extent it discourages work, and how valuable the insurance is to individuals and families. These questions motivate our paper. We begin by describing the earnings, disposable income and consumption of awarded and rejected DI applicants, before and after the disability onset and the allowance ...

Some of the cultural and technical forces that influenced the creation of the “man” (the player-controlled element) in two early home video games, Pitfall! and Yars’ Revenge, are discussed. We find that the specific nature of the Atari Video Computer System (also known as the Atari VCS and Atari 2600) as a computing platform enables and constrains what can be done on the system, and that it als...

It is hard to build robust systems: systems that have accept­ able behavior over a larger class of situations than was anticipated by their designers. The most robust systems are evolvable: they can be easily adapted to new situations with only minor mod­ ification. How can we design systems that are flexible in this way? Observations of biological systems tell us a great deal about how to make...

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A risk inventory provides an integrated view on risk management artifacts, e.g., risks, risk controls, and performance indicators. In this paper, we show how adapting the enterprise architecture management processes (EAM) may provide a foundation for an integrated IT risk inventory. Based on a design research approach, we develop a systematic approach for integrating the disciplines of risk man...

Tailoring a Linux kernel to one’s needs has been one of the most cumbersome tasks a GNU/Linux user can do. There have been many attempts to overcome this problem by introducing smarter configuration tools. Those tools, however, still lack some important features which discourages users from using them. In this project, we address the problem of usability of the Linux kernel configuration tools....

Household survey data for 1983-2000 from India’s National Sample Survey Organization are used to examine the impact of credit on self-employment among men and women in rural labor households. Results indicate that credit access encourages women’s self-employment as ownaccount workers and employers, while it discourages men’s self-employment as unpaid family workers. Ownership of land, a key for...