Most machine translation (MT) research has focused on sentences as units (sentence-level MT), and achieved acceptable quality for where cross-sentential context is not required in mainly high-resourced languages. Recently, many researchers have worked MT models that can consider a context. These are often called context-aware or document-level models. Document-level difficult to 1) train with s...

Nasal consonants in syllabic coda position in Japanese assimilate to the place of articulation of a following consonant. The resulting forms may be perceived as different realizations of a single underlying unit, and indeed the kana orthographies represent them with a single character. In the present study, Japanese listeners' response time to detect nasal consonants was measured. Nasals in cod...

In this paper, I argue that within the Japanese social context, the act of suicide is a positive moral act because the values underpinning it are directly related to a socially pervasive moral belief that any act of self-sacrifice is a worthy pursuit. The philosophical basis for this view of the self and its relation to society goes back to the writings of Confucius who advocated a life of prop...

Up to now, many studies have been done to show the origin of attitudes and their relationships with behaviors or actions. Some of those works have focused on students' attitudes and some have introduced the various contexts of language teaching and learning. These studies were enough to give a new impetus for conducting the present investigation. This paper investigated the teachers' attitudes ...

Background: The aim of the present study was to find the effects of cadmium (Cd) on Japanese quail on the role of an animal model in order to understand the toxicity of Cd in creatures presented, within the environment. Methods: One hundred 30-day-old male Japanese quails were equally divided into the control group and Cd group. The control group received no Cd while the Cd group was given f...

Learning functional expressions is one of the difficulties for language learners, since functional expressions tend to have multiple meanings and complicated usages in various situations. In this paper, we report an experiment of simplifying example sentences of Japanese functional expressions especially for Chinese-speaking learners. For this purpose, we developed “Japanese Functional Expressi...