In property testing, the goal is to distinguish between structures that have some desired property and those that are far from having the property, after examining only a small, random sample of the structure. We focus on the classification of first-order sentences based on their quantifier prefixes and vocabulary into testable and untestable classes. This classification was initiated by Alon e...

This paper explores the interaction between long run economic growth, financial development, and intellectual property rights through a general equilibrium, over-lapping generation, infinite horizon, endogenous R&D model with heterogeneous agents. I find that a reduced collateral constraint leads to both an ability to engage more heavily in research and a reduced incentive to engage in research...

treatment of diseases with natural remedies is gaining popularity because of its fewer side effects.   a systemic and scientific investigation of aqueous extract of euphorbia tirucalli for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats was carried out . antioxidant property was assessed by using reducing property, superoxide anion scav...

determination of price of lost property is faced with two difficulties: on the one hand, property price is variable from time to time so it is necessary to determine the price of the item in which time must be considered? on the other side question of devaluation of money is raised. whether the agent of the loss is responsible for this or she/he is merely responsible for the value of property i...

Cohn called a ring $R$ is reversible if whenever $ab = 0,$ then $ba = 0$ for $a,bin R.$ The reversible property is an important role in noncommutative ring theory‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎Abdul-Jabbar et al‎. ‎studied the reversible ring property on nilpotent elements‎, ‎introducing‎ the concept of commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero (simply‎, ‎a CNZ ring)‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we extend the CNZ pr...

at avoid violating the intellectual property rights of criminal policy aimed atmaintaining the original sarfkry including scientific , literary, artistic , scientificand literary alleged theft of public telecommunications law in 1304 officiallystarted. but more important than protecting the rights , property types andprinciples of its formation , validity, legitimacy and credibility of the syst...