Background Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a progressive and debilitating condition. Flat foot is a known associated factor of PTTD but there are still many questions about the biomechanical etiology of PTTD. Hypermobility in the first ray and first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) is thought to be a causative factor in various foot pathologies including PTTD, however the associati...

Three cases of Hypermobility Syndrome (HS) are discussed. The first case was a young female, aged 24, with musculoskeletal symptoms since 5 years. Second was an 18 year old male with similar symptoms since 3 years. The third was an elderly female who presented with knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) and apparent but reducible deformities of hands mimicking rheumatoid arthritis (RA). All three patie...

BACKGROUND The Lower Limb Assessment Score (LLAS) has only been validated in a paediatric population. The aim of this study was to validate the use of the LLAS in an adult population by: i) evaluating its ability to discriminate between different extents of lower limb hypermobility, ii) establishing a cut-off score to identify lower limb hypermobility, and iii) determining if the LLAS is able t...