Articular geometry of the tibia has been studied in relation to the functional axis and extra-articular bone landmarks, using a Cartesian coordinate system. Thirty-one cadaver limbs were used, 26 of them paired. The donor age range was 61 to 89 years (17 females, 14 males), none of whom showed evidence of significant arthritic deterioration. Most linear parameters were greater in males than fem...

background: angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) upregulation in stromal cells of joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis may lead to higher tissue angiotensin ii that is a vasoconstrictor and mitogen factor. to date, the role of angiotensin ii on regulating blood flow in inflamed joints has not been studied.   methods: acute and chronic joint inflammation was induced in rabbits by intra-articul...

This paper is based on three lectures given by the author at the workshop, “Hyperbolic geometry and arithmetic: a crossview” held at The Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse in November 2012. The goal of the lectures was to describe recent work on the extent to which various geometric and analytical properties of hyperbolic 3-manifolds determine the commensurability class of such manifolds. This ...

We consider one of the Fulleroid-like mechanisms based on a cube described by G. Kiper [2] and K. Wohlhart [9]. Due to the generation of this mechanism G. Kiper and K.Wohlhart worked out a highly symmetric one-parametric self-motion ζ0(t) of the mechanism and displayed some of the states of this motion. This mechanism consists of 24 rigid bodies linked via 24 rotational linkages (socalled 1R-jo...

When rails are laid in a railway track, small gaps are left between the ends of adjoining rails to allow for the expansion of the rails when the temperature rises. Rail joints are provided to form a continuous rail path which are normally laid in standard lengths bolted together by fishplates. When two rail joints are exactly opposing each other, they are called square &#10&#10(side by side) jo...

The elimination of the FexAly type phases was considered the solution to low ductility presented in aluminum-steel welded joints. Recently, the researches do not seek the suppression but the control of the thickness of these compounds. In this work, Al-Fe joints were manufactured by solid state and fusion welding, looking for controlling the formation of intermetallic comp...

The design and animation of digital 3D models is an essential task for many applications in science, engineering, education, medicine and arts. In many instances only an approximate representation is required and a simple and intuitive modelling and animation process, suitable for untrained users, is more important than realism and extensive features. Sketch-based modelling has been shown to be...

The joints between segmental rings can withstand a certain amount of bending moment as well as axial and shear forces. Generally, in the structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining, the joints can be modeled as elastic hinges or rotational springs, and their rigidity should be demonstrated in terms of the rigidity of the joints or their rotational stiffness. Therefore, the bending moment act...

The kinematics of the human hand is optimal with respect to force distribution during pinch as well as power grasp, reducing the tissue strain when exerting forces through opposing fingers and optimising contact faces. Quantifying this optimality is of key importance when constructing biomimetic robotic hands, but understanding the exact human finger motion is also an important asset in, e.g., ...

INTRODUCTION In virtually unloaded conditions, the human tibiofemoral (knee) and tibiotalar (ankle) joints behave as single degree-offreedom (1DOF) systems [1]. In these conditions, fibres within the ligaments remain nearly isometric throughout the flexion arc and articular surfaces nearly rigid. Relevant theoretical models are showing that the ligaments and the articular surfaces act together ...