We extend the Logical Framework by proof irrelevant equality types and present an algorithm that computes unique long normal forms. The algorithm is inspired by normalization-by-evaluation. Equality proofs which are not reflexivity are erased to a single object ∗. The algorithm decides judgmental equality, its completeness is established by a PER model.

With the present research, we investigated effects of existential threat on veracity judgments. According to several meta-analyses, people judge potentially deceptive messages of other people as true rather than as false (so-called truth bias). This judgmental bias has been shown to depend on how people weigh the error of judging a true message as a lie (error 1) and the error of judging a lie ...

How can we best attempt to ensure that national governments do not abuse the freedom generated by floating-exchange rates by engaging in beggar-thy-neighbor policies to overdepreciate their exchange rates or unduly retard the operation of the international adjustment process by maintaining an overvalued exchange rate? The major purpose of this paper is to develop a basis for choosing among the ...