the microgrid concept provides attractive solutions for reliability enhancement of power distribution systems. normally, microgrids contain renewable-energy-based distributed generation (dg) units, which their output power varies with different environmental conditions. in addition, load demand usually changes with factors such as hourly and seasonal customer activities. hence, these issues hav...

One of the new methods that used in Voice activity detection (VAD) systems is estimating the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of the speech signal. This estimation becomes hard in noisy environments especially low value of Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). This paper studies on three types of PDFs and selects one of them to modify and approximate the original signal. Then we compare the resu...

This article presents an empirical model for the noise of the acoustic underwater channel in shallow water from the analysis of field data measurements. A probability density function for the noise amplitude distribution is proposed and the associated likelihood functions are derived. As a result, an expression to the probability of symbol error for binary signaling is presented for the channel...

This paper presents a single hysteresis model for limited-availability group that are offered Erlang, Engset and Pascal traffic streams. The occupancy distribution in the system is approximated by a weighted sum of occupancy distributions in multi-threshold systems. Distribution weights are obtained on the basis of a specially constructed Markovian switching process. The results of the calculat...

An electric power system includes a generating, a transmission, a distribution, and consumers subsystems. An electrical power network in Tanzania keeps growing larger by the day and become more complex so that, most utilities have long wished for real-time monitoring and remote control of electrical power system elements such as substations, intelligent devices, power lines, capacitor banks, fe...

This paper is focused on the latency and power dissipation in clock systems, which should be lower when the optical interconnects are applied. Simulation shows that the power consumed by an optical system is lower than that consumed by an electrical one, however the advantages of optics drastically decrease with the number of output nodes in H-tree. Additionally, simple replacement of an electr...

Dispersed Generation (DG) has impacts on power system planning and operation, and these impacts must be taken into consideration. This paper deals with the very short-term (VST) steady state analysis of a distribution system with wind farms. Several forecasting methods of wind power are taken into account in order to obtain reliable input data for the VST steadystate analysis. Numerical applica...

This paper presents a new method to detect high impedance faults in radial distribution systems. Magnitudes of third and fifth harmonic components of voltages and currents are used as a feature vector for fault discrimination. The proposed methodology uses a learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network as a classifier for identifying high impedance arc-type faults. The network learns from ...

A potentially serious problem with current payment systems is that their underlying hard problems from number theory may be solved by either a quantum computer or unanticipated future advances in algorithms and hardware. A new quantum payment system is proposed in this paper. The suggested system makes use of fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to ensure the unconditional security witho...

/ Spatially explicit models that combine remote sensing with geographic information systems (GIS) offer great promise to land managers because they consider the arrangement of landscape elements in time and space. Their visual and geographic nature facilitate the comparison of alternative landscape designs. Among various activities associated with forest management, none cause greater concern t...