The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect lean practices on productivity at process industries; case Hikma Pharmaceutical Company.  A quantitative approach based survey questionnaire used evaluate impact tools productivity. showed that visual management, 5S, and work standards had a significant productivity, whereas, waste reduction did not have effect. Keywords : Lean practices, ...

In the absense of frictionless trade, domestic productivity will be a major determinant of prices. Using repeated cross-sections of absolute prices of individual goods across European countries, I find that products of an industry tend to be cheaper in countries with higher productivity in that industry. Similarly, countries with higher productivity in manufacturing have lower prices for produc...