Robots’ visual perception is a field that is gaining increasing attention from researchers. This is partly due to emerging trends in the commercial availability of 3D scanning systems or devices that produce a high information accuracy level for a variety of applications. In the history of mining, the mortality rate of mine workers has been alarming and robots exhibit a great deal of potentials...

Various types of economic illegalities as well as underground economic activities occur in all countries. In Cuba, however, public policies and structural economic forces have promoted these phenomena significantly. Indeed, Cuba appears to be awash with economic illegalities. Some of these are quickly apparent to the average visitor. Many Cuban citizens insist that almost everyone is involved i...

We investigate some characteristics of the underground economy in New Zealand by testing for Granger causality between measured and "hidden" real GDP in that country. We find clear evidence of causality from measured to hidden economic activity, but only weak evidence of causality in the reverse direction. This poses a dilemma for policy-makers who wish to stimulate economic growth and also min...

Robotic systems exhibit remarkable capability for exploring and mapping subterranean voids. Information about subterranean spaces has immense value for civil, security, and commercial applications where problems, such as encroachment, collapse, flooding and subsidence can occur. Contemporary method for underground mapping, such as human surveys and geophysical techniques, can provide estimates ...

Aim/purpose – The underground economy is a major challenge across the world affect- ing both developed and developing economies. South Africa no exception to this phenomenon has lost billions of rands due economy. aim study estimate size in Africa. Design/methodology/approach used quarterly time series data from 2000 2020 employed Currency Demand Approach (CDA) for modeling under- ground Findin...

It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...