This paper describes the morphology and behavior of the immature stages of Oleria baizana (Haensch) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from northeastern Ecuador. Brugmansia aurea Lagerh. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is the larval food plant. Eggs are laid singly, off of the host plant in the leaf litter. During the night, larvae climb a food plant seedling and sever a leaf petiole, parachuting with the leaf...

Stoichiometry of leaf N and P is a characteristic of plant to adapt to environment, and can provide data for process-based modeling at large scale. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of NSTEC terrestrial plants were studied based on a NSTEC data set including leaf nitrogen and phosphorus observations for 654 plant species at 168 sites. The results showed that leaf nitrogen and phosphoru...

in order to investigate effects of plant density and fertilizer rates on agronomic characteristic and yield tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) (cv k326) an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of tirtash research and education center. design of experiment was randomized complete block with factorial arrangement with three replications and 36 treatments conducted in 2007 year. treatments ...

changes during shrinkage, aquaporin activity and/or changes in the vapor phase transport. The application of models calibrated with anatomy will be an essential approach to determining the drivers of K ox decline. Finally, speculation that K ox decline may protect the xylem in the leaf and throughout the rest of the plant from tensions that induce embolism needs to be validated using models and...

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the sexual reproduction and the resource allocation in a natural Polygonatum humile population grown in a temperate mixed forest gap. For this aim, the plant size, the node which flower was formed, the fruiting rate, and the dry weight of each organ were monitored from June 2014 to August 2015. Results: Firstly, in 3–13-l...

Understanding the vertical pattern of leaf traits across plant canopies provide critical information on plant physiology, ecosystem functioning and structure and vegetation response to climate change. However, the impact of vertical canopy position on leaf spectral properties and subsequently leaf traits across the entire spectrum for multiple species is poorly understood. In this study, we exa...

Global-scale quantification of relationships between plant traits gives insight into the evolution of the world's vegetation, and is crucial for parameterizing vegetation-climate models. A database was compiled, comprising data for hundreds to thousands of species for the core 'leaf economics' traits leaf lifespan, leaf mass per area, photosynthetic capacity, dark respiration, and leaf nitrogen...

Bacterial leaf symbiosis is a unique and intimate interaction between bacteria and flowering plants, in which endosymbionts are organized in specialized leaf structures. Previously, bacterial leaf symbiosis has been described as a cyclic and obligate interaction in which the endosymbionts are vertically transmitted between plant generations and lack autonomous growth. Theoretically this allows ...

The leaf is a multi-scale dynamic unit that is determined by mechanisms at different organizational scales (cell, tissue, whole leaf and whole plant) and affected by both internal (genotype) and external (environmental) determinisms. The recent development of phenotyping platforms and imaging techniques provides new insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of leaf growth as affected by t...

Since leaves are essentially energy-gaining organs, the arrangement of leaves in time (leaf phenology) and in space (canopy architecture) in both seasonal and nonseasonal environments can be viewed as a central element in plant strategies for carbon gain. Interrelationships among leaf longevity, leaf habit, and leaf-emergence pattern together with shoot architecture affect plant productivity. L...