We report a novel microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition strategy for the efficient synthesis of multilayer graphene nanoflake films (MGNFs) on Si substrates. The constituent graphene nanoflakes have a highly graphitized knife-edge structure with a 2–3 nm thick sharp edge and show a preferred vertical orientation with respect to the Si substrate as established by near-edge X-ray ab...

BACKGROUNDS With respect to the knife's design in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), diameter, water jet function, and electric power are important because these relate to efficient dissection. In this study, we analyzed a novel, narrow ball tip-typed ESD knife with water jet function (Flush knife BT-S, diameter: 2.2 mm, length: 2000 mm, Fujifilm Co., Tokyo, Japan) compared to a...

The recent demonstration of electron vortex beams has opened up the new possibility of studying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the interaction between electron beams and matter. To this aim, methods to analyze the OAM of an electron beam are fundamentally important and a necessary next step. We demonstrate the measurement of electron beam OAM through a variety of techniques. The use of forke...

In this paper we extend the cheap talk model of Crawford and Sobel (1982) to a multidimensional state space and policy space. We provide a characterization of equilibria. We focus on the question of feasibility of information transmission, for large degrees of conflict of interests between the sender and the receiver. We show that it is possible to construct equilibria with information transmis...

The price of electricity is far more volatile than that of other commodities normally noted for extreme volatility. Demand and supply are balanced on a knife-edge because electric power cannot be economically stored, end user demand is largely weather dependent, and the reliability of the grid is paramount. The possibility of extreme price movements increases the risk of trading in electricity ...

Electromagnetic radiation ranging in frequency from a few MHz to tens of GHz has been used to volumetrically heat silicon above 1000°C in only a few seconds. Typical power is <1.5 kW. This technique has successfully produced direct Si wafer-to-wafer bonds in only five minutes without the use of any intermediate glue layer. Infrared images indicate void free bonds, and knife-edge tests could not...

The beam quality of the idler output of a 1064 nm pumped OPO based on CdSiP2 is compared for linear and Rotated Image Singly-Resonant Twisted RectAngle (RISTRA) cavities. For similar mirrors and cavity round trip times the RISTRA cavity yielded 64 μJ of idler energy (6.4 mW of average power at 100 Hz) compared to 34 μJ with the linear cavity, at a pump level of 21.5 mJ, roughly two times above ...

Related Articles Homogeneity improvement of field emission beam from metallic nano-tip arrays by noble-gas conditioning Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 073101 (2011) Analysis of electric field screening by the proximity of two knife-edge field emitters J. Appl. Phys. 110, 034905 (2011) Space charge limited electron flow in two dimensions without magnetic field J. Appl. Phys. 110, 033306 (2011) Electron f...

Related Articles Homogeneity improvement of field emission beam from metallic nano-tip arrays by noble-gas conditioning Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 073101 (2011) Analysis of electric field screening by the proximity of two knife-edge field emitters J. Appl. Phys. 110, 034905 (2011) Space charge limited electron flow in two dimensions without magnetic field J. Appl. Phys. 110, 033306 (2011) Electron f...

This paper studies global stability of spatial configurations in a dynamic two-region model with quadratic adjustment costs where rational migrants make migration decisions so as to maximize their discounted future utilities. A global analysis is conducted to show that, except for knife–edge cases with symmetric regions, there exists a unique spatial configuration that is absorbing and globally...