Background: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of α-synuclein may reflect the aggregation of α-synuclein in brain tissue that neuropathologically characterizes PD. Although most studies in large cohorts report reduced CSF α-synuclein levels in PD, the available data to date are not consistent due to variation in group sizes, pre-analytical confounding factors and assay characteristics....

In cryptography, the known plaintext attack, or KPA, is an attack based on having samples of both the plaintext and corresponding encrypted or ciphertext for that information available. This information is used to conduct an analysis of the data in order to determine the secret key used to encrypt and decrypt the information. Historical ciphers are very susceptible to the attack, while modern-d...

The problem of online coloring an unknown graph is known to be hard. Here we consider the problem of online coloring in the relaxed situation where the input must be isomorphic to a given known graph. All that foils a computationally powerful player is that it is not known to which sections of the graph the vertices to be colored belong. We show that the performance ratio of any online coloring...

The problem of online coloring an unknown graph is known to be hard. Here we consider the problem of online coloring in the relaxed situation where the input must be isomorphic to a given known graph. All that foils a computationally powerful player is that it is not known to which sections of the graph the vertices to be colored belong. We show that the performance ratio of any online coloring...

The University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Known Genes dataset is constructed by a fully automated process, based on protein data from Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL (UniProt) and the associated mRNA data from Genbank. The detailed steps of this process are described. Extensive cross-references from this dataset to other genomic and proteomic data were constructed. For each known gene, a details page is...

This paper reviews less well-known or less widely distributed viruses of the Bunyaviridae family that are nonetheless of significant veterinary and public health concern. These include: Cache Valley fever, Main Drain, Ingwavuma, Bhanja and Heartland viruses. A description of the agents, clinical signs of infection, epidemiology, and insect transmission is provided for each, and the authors disc...