Multirings are objects like rings but with multi-valued addition. They are a variant of other objects called hyperrings, defined by Krasner [12], [13]. In [16] the second author defines multirings, introduces a certain special class of multirings called real reduced multirings, defines a natural reflection A Ã Qred(A) from the category of multirings satisfying −1 / ∈ ∑ A2 to the full subcategor...

The concept of algebraic hyperstructures introduced by Marty as a generalization of ordinary algebraic structures. In an ordinary algebraic structure, the composition of two elements is an element, while in an algebraic hyperstructure, the composition of two elements is a set. The concept of ?-semihyperrings is a generalization of semirings, a generalization of semihyper‌rings and a generalizat...

INTRODUCTION Over the years, the information system design process (Gero and Kazakov, 1996; Goldschmidt, 1997; Guindon, 1990; Jeffries et al., 1981; Parnas and Clements, 1986) has been investigated using a variety of perspectives. Researchers have examined cognitive aspects of design (Goldschmidt, 1997; Guindon, 1990; Guindon, Krasner, and Curtis, 1986; Rowe, 1987; Sen, 1997), design strategies...

The aim of this research work is to define and characterize a new class of n-ary multialgebra that may be called canonical (m, n)&minus hypermodules. These are a generalization of canonical n-ary hypergroups, that is a generalization of hypermodules in the sense of canonical and a subclasses of (m, n)&minusary hypermodules. In addition, three isomorphism theorems of module theory and canonical ...

The problem of Psychology's Two Cultures" is described by Kimble (August 1984). who found evidence for the existence of "scientific" andY "humanistic" cultures within the profession, measured b' individual responses on a number of questions designed to force choices between various methods of apl*oach. This division, like that between Snow's (1964) "two cultures." the sciences and the humanitie...

Hyperstructure theory was born in 1934 when Marty [19] defined hypergroups as a generalization of groups. Let H be a non-empty set and let ℘∗(H) be the set of all non-empty subsets of H. A hyperoperation on H is a map ◦ : H ×H −→ ℘∗(H) and the couple (H, ◦) is called a hypergroupoid. If A and B are non-empty subsets of H, then we denote A◦B = ∪ a∈A, b∈B a◦b, x◦A = {x}◦A and A◦x = A◦{x}. Under c...

Introduction The following paper identifies and takes issue with a potentially troubling development in the study of comparative politics. While political scientists have traditionally deployed objective indicators of “political organization and administrative capacity” (Reynolds 1983, p. 976), including tax ratios (Organski and Kugler 1980; Benson and Kugler 1998), tax structures (Kling 1968; ...

Leonard Krasner (1966) begins his review of Eysenck and Rachman's "The Causes and Cures of Neurosis" with the statement: "A quiet yet dramatic revolution is underway in the field of psychotherapy." Krumboltz (1966c) entitled the proceedings of the Cubberly Conference, "Revolution in Counseling." A quiet revolution seems to me to be a contradiction in terms. The current development of behavior t...