introduction: there are evidences showing the role of nitric oxide in the opiate reward properties. the role of nitric oxide signaling pathway as an intracellular mechanism on augmentation of long term potentiation in hippocampal ca1 area of rats is also confirmed. it has been also reported that oral morphine dependence facilitates formation of spatial learning and memory via activation of nmda...

Efficacy is one determinant of whether a drug is an agonist or an antagonist under a particular set of conditions. Relative efficacy among the micro opioid receptor (MOR) ligands buprenorphine, nalbuphine, and morphine was examined in monkeys dependent on morphine (3.2 mg/kg/day) or l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) (1.0 mg/kg twice daily) and that discriminated naltrexone (0.0178 mg/kg) from salin...

BACKGROUND An important concern of intra-operative infusion of remifentanil is the possible development of acute opioid tolerance, which manifests as an increased postoperative analgesia requirement. We have examined the effect of the timing of intra operative morphine administration on the need for morphine consumption for pain control during the first 24 hours after operation. METHODS Sixty...

BACKGROUND We examined forensic serum toxicology and pharmacogenomics data from a woman on codeine shortly before she caused a motor vehicle accident. METHODS A woman driving erratically collided with a parked car of a highway seriously injuring 2 men working to repair the parked vehicle. The woman tested positive for codeine, acetaminophen and barbital. She had been taking these medications ...

BACKGROUND Role of nitric oxide (NO) on expression of morphine conditioning using a solely classic task has been proposed previously. In this work, the involvement of NO on the expression of opioid-induced conditioning in the task paired with an injection of naloxone was investigated. METHODS Conditioning was established in adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedu...

BACKGROUND Oral and subcutaneous morphine is widely used for the treatment of cancer-related pain; however, solid pharmacokinetic data on this practice are lacking. Furthermore, it is largely unknown which factors contribute to the variability in clearances of morphine and its metabolites and whether morphine clearance is related to treatment outcome. METHODS Blood samples from 49 cancer pati...

Introduction: It has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. In the present study the role of NMDA receptors located in hippocampal CA1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. Methods: Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 area. After 5 days recovery, a...

BACKGROUND Chronic intrathecal morphine infusion produces intradural granulomas. The authors examined a variety of opioids infused intrathecal for analgesic activity and toxicity. METHODS Two sets of experiments were undertaken in dogs with chronic intrathecal catheters: (1) Six-hour intrathecal infusions were used to determine the full analgesic dose and the maximum tolerated dose. (2) To es...

As functional changes in L-type high voltage-gated calcium channels (HVCCs) are recognized to be one of the major neurochemical modifications occurring in brains of animals with morphine physical dependence, this study attempts to examine whether regional difference in the expressions of HVCC subunits are produced in the brains under such pathological conditions. Scatchard analysis of [(3)H]PN2...

introduction: it has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. in the present study the role of nmda receptors located in hippocampal ca1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. methods: male rats were divided into 4 groups. two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal ca1 area. after 5 days recovery, a...