tempranillo is one of the most widely cultivated grapevine varieties in spain. after several years of clone selection, some highly recommended old clones have been identified in terms of both their qualitative and production characteristics. this study was designed to discriminate among 28 ancient clones of the cultivar tempranillo (vitis vinifera). dna samples from clones were analysed using t...

The wx-K mutation results from the insertion of a copia-like retrotransposon into exon 12 of the maize waxy gene. This retrotransposon, named Hopscotch, has one long open reading frame encoding all of the domains required for transposition. Computer-assisted database searches using Hopscotch and other plant copia-like retroelements as query sequences have revealed that ancient, degenerate retro...

The indocyanine green (ICG) retention test is widely used for preoperative evaluation of liver function. Individuals who have markedly poor ICG clearance without severe liver diseases are defined as patients with a “constitutional ICG excretory defect.” However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that the ICG clearance defect involved impaired function of hepati...

In the human placenta, DNA hypomethylation permits the expression of retrotransposon-derived genes that are normally silenced by methylation in somatic tissues. We previously identified hypomethylation of a retrotransposon-derived transcript of the voltage-gated potassium channel gene KCNH5 that is expressed only in human placenta. However, an RNA sequence from this placental-specific transcrip...

Mobile elements account for almost half of the mass of the human genome. Only the retroelements from the non-LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposon family, which include the LINE-1 (L1) and its non-autonomous partners, are currently active and contributing to new insertions. Although these elements seem to share the same basic amplification mechanism, the activity and success of the differe...

HSP90, found in all kingdoms of life, is a major chaperone protein regulating many client proteins. We demonstrated that HSP90α, one of two paralogs duplicated in vertebrates, plays an important role in the biogenesis of fetal PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA), which act against the transposon activities, in mouse male germ cells. The knockout mutation of Hsp90α resulted in a large reduction in the...

By using universal primer Ty1-copia retrotransposon reverse transcriptase (RT), the conserved reverse transcriptase domain of about 260 bp, which was induced by cold stress and osmotic stress, was amplified by RTPCR from the Dendrobium officinale in this study, indicating that the retrotransposon could be activated by stress conditions. The amplicons were recovered and cloned for sequencing and...

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) genome contains a very large proportion of transposable elements, especially long terminal repeat retrotransposons. However, knowledge on the retrotransposon-related variability within this species is still limited. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to perform a quantitative and qualitative survey of intraspecific variation of the retrotrans...