We experienced a 73-year-old male with lumbar nerve root compression due to leakage of bone cement after vertebroplasty. He was underwent vertebroplasty for acute osteoporotic L4 compression fracture at our hospital. After vertebroplasty, his back pain was improved but right leg pain was newly developed. Lumbar computed tomography scanning showed that bone cements were leaked along the L4 nerve...

A 61-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of progressive vision loss and paresthesia between the right L2-L4 dermatome. Funduscopy revealed severe bilateral papilledema (figure 1). Head CT showed mild hydrocephalus. CSF from a lumbar puncture at the L4-L5 level was xanthochromic with an elevated protein level (4,350 mg/dL). Lumbar spine MRI demonstrated a large intradural tumor at the ...

In 1961, the Polish astronomer, Kazimierz Kordylewski found dust clouds around triangular Lagrange points L4 and L5 of Earth-Moon system. After this discovery, several astronomers observed (KDCs) with photometry or ground-based imaging polarimetry, altogether 21 times. Remarkably, KDC has been detected three times (16) more than one (5). This may be due to varying sky and/or astronomical condit...

Following spinal transection of the upper thoracic spinal cord, male Sprague-Dawley rats given legshock whenever a hindlimb is extended learn to maintain the leg in a flexed position. The region of the cord that mediates this instrumental learning was isolated using neuroanatomical tracing, localized infusion of lidocaine, and surgical transections. DiI and Fluoro-Gold microinjection at the sit...

L4-embedded is a microkernel successfully deployed in mobile devices with soft real-time requirements. It now faces the challenges of tightly integrated systems, in which user interface, multimedia, OS, wireless protocols, and even software-defined radios must run on a single CPU. In this paper we discuss the pros and cons of L4-embedded for real-time systems design, focusing on the issues caus...

The packaging of adenovirus (Ad) DNA into virions is dependent upon cis-acting sequences and trans-acting proteins. We studied the involvement of Ad packaging proteins in the serotype specificity of packaging. Both Ad5 and Ad17 IVa2 and L4-22K proteins complemented the growth of Ad5 IVa2 and L4-22K mutant viruses, respectively. In contrast, the Ad5 L1-52/55K protein complemented an Ad5 L1-52/55...

Littlewood raised the question of how slowly the L4 norm f 4 of a Littlewood polynomial f (having all coefficients in {−1, +1}) of degree n − 1 can grow with n. We consider such polynomials for odd square-free n, where φ(n) coefficients are determined by the Jacobi symbol, but the remaining coefficients can be freely chosen. When n is prime, these polynomials have the smallest published asympto...

Background: Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy (RT) is considered as standard of care in advanced carcinoma cervix. The superior border of radiation portal is kept at L4-L5 junction to cover common iliac group of lymph nodes which lie along common iliac vessels. Methods: Level of aortic bifurcation in to two common iliacs was retrospectively evaluated in 90 patients of carcinoma cervix to...

BACKGROUND The transpsoas lateral surgical approach has been advocated as an alternative to direct anterior approaches for less invasive or minimally invasive access to the spine. Postoperative thigh pain, paresthesia, and/or weakness have been described after the use of this surgical approach. The purpose of this cadaveric anatomic study is to provide a description of the lumbar plexus as it r...

We previously reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) carrying alanine or glutamine but not proline at position 120 of the capsid protein (CA) could grow in the presence of anti-viral factor TRIM5α of cynomolgus monkey (CM). To elucidate details of the interaction between the CA and TRIM5α, we generated mutant HIV-2 viruses, each carrying one of the remaining 17 possible amino...