BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of fetal macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. However, not all women with GDM and fetal macrosomia have shoulder dystocia. AIMS To identify the risk factors for shoulder dystocia in women with gestational diabetes using data from women recruited into the routine care group of the ACHOIS trial. METHODS A secondary ...

The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and consequent effect of dystocia on lactation performance in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The data set consisted of 55,577 calving records on 30,879 Holstein cows in 30 dairy herds for the period March 2000 to April 2009. Factors affecting dystocia were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models through t...

Understanding the biology of heifer maturity and its relationship to calving difficulty and subsequent breeding success is a vital step in building a bioeconomic model to identify optimal production and profitability. A limited dependent variable probit model is used to quantify the responses among heifer maturities, measured by a maturity index (MI), on dystocia and second pregnancy. The MI ac...

M e t h o d s Design: Randomized controlled trial (Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women [ACHOIS]). Allocation: {Concealed}†.* Blinding: Blinded {outcome assessors, data analysts, and data safety and monitoring committee; outcome assessors for shoulder dystocia were not blinded}†.* Follow-up period: Birth to hospital discharge. Setting: 16 hospitals in Australia. Patients:...

Calving records from April 1998 to September 2006 comprising 104,572 calving events from 16 dairy herds of Iran were used to analyze the potential effect of dystocia on calf stillbirth and productive traits in Iranian Holsteins. Statistical analyses of production traits were performed using a linear mixed model procedure. Also, a logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the effect o...

 Take Home Messages  The most dramatic physiological changes occur during birth and death.  Calves born without assistance experience hypoxia (low arterial blood oxygen), acidosis, and frequently hypothermia. Dystocia calves experience the same changes but to a greater degree.  Dystocia has an immediate and prolonged effect on the health and productivity of calves.  Perinatal mortality due...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of early augmentation with oxytocin for slow progress of labor on the delivery method and on indicators of maternal and neonatal morbidity. DATA SOURCES We conducted electronic database searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for articles published through February 2009 using the keywords "oxytocin," "augmentation," "active management of...

BACKGROUND Although both labour dystocia and domestic violence during pregnancy are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome, evidence in support of a possible association between experiences of domestic violence and labour dystocia is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-reported history of violence or experienced violence during pregnancy is associated with ...