Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

Abstract We examine how first-in-family (FiF) graduates — those whose parents do not have university degrees fare in the labor market England. find that among women, FiF earn 7.4% less on average than a degree. For men, we wage penalty. A decomposition of difference between and non-FiF reveals two interesting findings. First, two-thirds female penalty is explained by certain characteristics, in...

Examining the relationship between factor endowments and production patterns using data from Japanese prefectures and from OECD nations, we find evidence of substantial production indeterminacy. Regressions of outputs on endowments yield prediction errors six to 30 times larger for goods traded relatively freely than for non-traded goods. We argue that a compelling explanation for these results...

The Effect of Migration and Spatial Connectivity on Regional Skill Endowments across Europe: 1988-2010 This paper investigates the effects of labour migration and openness to trade on regional skill endowments across the European Union at a time of increased economic integration. Using regional data from Eurostat’s Regio database and the open web source Openflight for the period 1998-2010 we te...

This paper assesses the effects of household investments through child educating activities on child neurodevelopment between the ages of 3 and 24 months, and evaluates whether investments explain racial and socioeconomic developmental gaps in South America. Quantile regression is used to evaluate the heterogeneity in investment effects by unobserved developmental endowments. The study finds la...