background: lack of information regarding biochemical changes in women during labor and its outcomes on maternal and neonatal health still is an unanswered question. this study aims to explore the effectiveness of oral carbohydrate intake during labor on the duration of the active phase and other maternal and neonatal outcomes. methods: a parallel prospective randomized controlled trial, conduc...

background: conduction analgesia is one of the most effective routes for relief of labor pain. combined spinal epidural analgesia may cause less maternal and neonatal complications. these study aimed to investigate the effects of combined spinal epidural analgesia on progress of labor delivery and related complications. methods: in a randomized clinical trial study 220 women in spontaneous labo...

T he state of the labor market, employment and unemployment, plays an important role in the deliberations of policymakers, the Federal Reserve Bank included. Over the last 30 years, economic theory has led to substantial progress in understanding the mechanics of business cycles. Much of this progress in macroeconomics has been associated with the use of calibrated dynamic equilibrium models fo...

background & aim: the risks of maternal mortality and morbidity associated with cesarean delivery are three and two times higher than vaginal delivery, respectively. the majority of cesarean sections are due to failure to progress in labor. one of the common risk factors for failure to progress is small maternal body size. cormic index is an indicator of body composition assessment, which estim...

This paper is an effort to explain, in part, an empirical paradox in the U. S. labor market. Many types of behavior in this market, notably layoff and real wage behavior, have proved inexplicable if the labor market is modeled as a sequence of spot auction markets. However, if we treat trade in this market as being mediated via long-term contracts, we gain a great deal of explanatory power. A p...

BACKGROUND Nulliparity is an obstetric high-risk group whose labor, compared with multiparae, are more likely to develop labor abnormalities that requires intervention. The aim of this report is todetermine factors that influence vaginal delivery in nulliparae. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was done on 286 eligible booked nulliparae in labor, to determine factors a...

Title of dissertation: ESSAYS ON MACROECONOMIC TRENDS AND CYCLES Yiqun Chen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 Dissertation directed by: Professor S. Borağan Aruoba Professor L. Luminita Stevens Department of Economics This dissertation describes two studies on macroeconomic trends and cycles. The first chapter studies the impact of Information Technology (IT) on the U.S. labor market. Over the past 3...

Many low skilled jobs have been substituted away for machines in Europe, or eliminated, much more so than in the US, while technological progress at the “top”, i.e. at the high-tech sector, is faster in the US than in Europe. This paper suggests that the main difference between Europe and the US in this respect is their different labor market policies. European countries reduce wage flexibility...