Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for detailed imaging of the bony labyrinth. Usually, information about the complex three-dimensional anatomic structures of the inner ear is presented as two-dimensional section images. Interactive direct volume rendering is a powerful method for visualization of the labyrinth. Unlike other visualization methods, direct volume rendering enables...

The modern human bony labyrinth is morphologically distinct from that of all other primates, showing derived features linked with vestibular function and the overall shape of the cranial base. However, little is known of how this unique morphology emerges prenatally. This study examines in detail the developing fetal human labyrinth, both to document this basic aspect of cranial biology, and mo...

(1) The activity of 136 Deiters' neurons projecting to lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord has been recorded in decerebrate, partially cerebellectomized cats, and their response characteristics to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors have been related to cell size inferred from the conduction velocity of the corresponding axons. (2) Vestibulospinal neurons with faster cond...

This article presents the longue durée social history of a medieval fish weir. It reveals significant role fishing and weirs in construction reconstruction structures cultural identities. focuses on an enigmatic annual ceremony – Horngarth or Penny Hedge at Whitby, North Yorkshire. The begins by arguing that descends from intertidal weir, before exploring possible contexts which weir originated...

In this paper, we intend to approach two specific hypermedia aspects; the structure that organizes the hypertextual information, as well as the route of reading that the user creates when advancing the links of a net. Our hypothesis is that the labyrinth is present in hypermedia systems in two ways: the first, more evident, is in the own organization at the moment of the project development. Th...

Introduction The nature and extent of membrane damage encountered in Meniere disease remains unexplained. Pressure-induced membrane stress may underlie the characteristic hydropic distention. Analysis of stress in the several vestibular chambers may offer insight into the nature and progression of Meniere disease. Objective Membrane stress levels will be assessed by constructing a specific mode...

1. A dogfish from which all six ampullae have been removed maintains its equilibrium; the righting reactions occur promptly; compensatory movements of the eyes occur in response to rotations in all planes except the horizontal; the compensatory position of the eyes is retained if the animal is held in an abnormal position. Both the static and dynamic functions of equilibrium continue, therefore...

We show that the class of level-k control languages, as defined by Weir, is properly included in the class of 2 k−1-multiple context-free languages for each k ≥ 2. The proof of inclusion uses a representation of the set of derivation trees for a level-k control language in terms of a second-order abstract categorial grammar. 1.1 Introduction Weir (1992a) introduced a hierarchy of language class...

Thin-plate weirs are commonly used as measuring devices in flumes and channels, enabling an accurate discharge measurement with simple instruments. The calibration formulae of such devices rely upon some empirical coefficients and there is a need to obtain new accurate physical data to complement the existing evidence. In the present study, the discharge calibration of a large 901 V-notch thin ...