One unsolved issue in brain development is how interneurons migrating tangentially into the cortex acquire their regional addresses and laminar positions. The study by Lodato et al. in this issue shows that projection neurons regulate the laminar fates of cortical interneurons.

Different laminar flow control strategies are reviewed for the various instability mechanisms and their applications over the different flight regimes are discussed. Success stories are told and unresolved problems are discussed. Over the years, the crossflow instability has been the primary challenge for laminar flow control. Favorable pressure gradients used to stabilize streamwise instabilit...

At low Reynolds numbers, laminar-turbulent transition occurs on the suction side of high-lift low-pressure turbine blades. The prediction of this flow is an important step in low-pressure turbine design. Thus the laminar-turbulent transition must be modeled or resolved. The flow around the high-lift low-pressure turbine blade T106C is predicted using RANS simulations, without and with transitio...

Effects of chemically-passive fire suppressants on laminar premixed hydrogen flames were investigated by combined use of microgravity experiments and computations. The experiments used a short-drop free-fall laboratory facility that provides at least 450 ms of 2 10 g. Near -limit laminar burning velocities were measured for outwardly propagating spherical stoichiometric hydrogen-air flames with...

The rate of viscous energy dissipation in a shear layer of incompressible Newtonian fluid with injection and suction is studied by means of exact solutions, nonlinear and linearized stability theory, and rigorous upper bounds. The injection and suction rates are maintained constant and equal and this leads to solutions with constant throughput. For strong enough suction, expressed in terms of t...

In this paper the magnetic flux density concentration of Metglas as a function of its sheet aspect ratio was investigated for Metglas/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) laminar composites. The magnetic flux density inside a Metglas sheet increases when its aspect ratio (cross-section width/length) is reduced. Both simulations and experimental results verified it. Consequently the magnetostriction o...

Endothelial dysfunction caused by the combined action of disturbed flow, inflammatory mediators and oxidants derived from cigarette smoke is known to promote coronary atherosclerosis and increase the likelihood of myocardial infarctions and strokes. Conversely, laminar flow protects against endothelial dysfunction, at least in the initial phases of atherogenesis. We studied the effects of TNFα ...

Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues 'feedback' projections to parietal cortex. However, the architectonic heterogeneity of these cortices raises the questi...