Among various stand parameters, the density of biomass volume is oftenly used as an indicator on evaluating the forest growth succes. The forest reclamation, which is intended to restore the land cover by revegetation process, the evaluation of biomass content has been a critical issue. Forest reclamation is expected to restore the land function to a proper state that might give better environm...

White birch (Betula papyrifera) is an open pollinate species that is, dominant in the Northern Ontario after land reclamation. In fact, this species represents 65% of all trees in the region. We hypothesized that the exchange of genetic information between fragmented populations by range-wide paternal introgression is possible in wind-pollinated species such as B. papyrifera. On the other hand,...

Many coastal cities have undertaken reclamation projects to satisfy the land demands of rapid urbanization. However, the foundations of reclaimed land are susceptible to settlement and can have undesirable environmental impacts that could adversely affect these dense, populated areas. In the case of international airports built on reclaimed areas especially, regional-scale deformation must be m...

Abandoned coal mine wastes can result in severe pollution and have aesthetic impact on the local environment. A range of reclamation techniques is available for substrate but only through the use of vegetation to stabilize coal mine wastes can complete long-term rehabilitation be achieved. Experimentation has been undertaken at coal mine sites to attempt to elucidate and overcome limitations to...

The article examines the detailed spatial and temporal distributions of coastal reclamation in the northwest coast of Bohai Bay experiencing rapid coastal reclamation in China from 1974 to 2010 in annual intervals. Moreover, soil elements properties and spatial distribution in reclaimed area and inform the future coastal ecosystems management was also analyzed. The results shows that 910.7 km2 ...

–Sand is not only a precious mineral but also protecting the environment, buffer against strong tidal waves and storm, habitat for crustacean species and marine organisms, used for making concrete, filling roads, building sites, brick-making, making glass, sandpapers, reclamations, and in our tourism industry in beach attractions. Sand mining is the process of removal of sand and gravel where t...

This paper optimises projected land-use structure in 2020 with the goal of increasing terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and simulates its spatial distribution using the CLUE-S model. We found the following: The total carbon densities of different land use types were woodland > water area > cultivated land > built-up land > grassland > shallows. Under the optimised land-use structure projecte...

Fifteen AML sites ranging in age from 13 to 35 yr in Northern West Virginia were selected from three surface-mined coal beds (Pittsburgh, Freeport, and Kittanning) to evaluate plant invasion and establishment on disturbed sites. Three 10 m by 10 m plots were randomly located on each site, and cover, density, and stem diameter of all woody plant species were measured. Herbaceous and plant litter...