b = vortex spacing l = lateral displacement N = Brunt–Väisälä frequency q = root-mean-square turbulence velocity t = time u = axial velocity v = lateral velocity, vertical displacement V = aircraft ground speed w = descent speed, vertical wind velocity x = axial coordinate y = spanwise coordinate z = vertical coordinate = circulation = eddy dissipation rate = potential temperature = standard de...

In this paper a control system has been designed to improve traffic conditions in car following maneuver. There are different methods to design a control system. In this paper design approach is based on the Fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) system. The aim of designing FSMC system is to achieve safe and desire longitudinal distance and less lateral displacement. In orde...

The outrigger arm system and belt truss with braced core in the center of the structure surrounded by belts truss, is an efficient and reliable system for high-rise buildings against severe lateral forces such as earthquake and wind. The purpose of this research is investigating the outrigger arm system and belt truss with the braced core under lateral loads. Another purpose of this research is...

Hamstring strain injury is one of the most common injuries in athletes, particularly for sports that involve high speed running. The aims of this study were to determine whether muscle activation and internal morphology influence in vivo muscle behavior and strain injury susceptibility. We measured tissue displacement and strains in the hamstring muscle injured most often, the biceps femoris lo...

Lateral spreading is one of the most destructive effects of liquefaction. Liquefaction is known as one of the major causes of ground failure related to earthquake. This phenomenon is likely to occur when the rate of earthquake-induced excess pore water pressure buildup exceeds the rate of drainage. Estimation of the hazard of lateral spreading requires characterization of subsurface conditions....

in this paper the rehabilitation of concrete structures with a new system is considered. in this system pre- stressed cables with energy dissipating viscous spring dampers at the end of each cable, are used to increase structure lateral stiffness. cable system can be replaced with other system due to their high tensile resistance, their easy replacement, high speed performance, economical matte...

The field resulting from a beam incident upon a planar dielectric layer placed between media having different refractive indices is examined by using both an approximate approach and a highly accurate Gaussian-beam analysis. We find that, if the incidence angle is adjusted to couple energy to a leaky wave that may be guided by the layer, both the reflected and the transmitted beams may undergo ...

A patient specific finite element biphasic brain model has been utilized to codify a surgeon's experience by establishing quantifiable biomechanical measures to score orientations for optimal planning of brain tumor resection. When faced with evaluating several potential approaches to tumor removal during preoperative planning, the goal of this work is to facilitate the surgeon’s selection of a...