Introduction Gastrocnemius is the most superficial muscle of the posterior crural region. It arises by two tendinous heads from the femur. The lateral head originates from the lateral surface of the lateral condyle and the medial head originates from a rough area on the popliteal surface above the medial condyle. The lateral head frequently contains a small sesamoid bone, the fabella. The media...

factor  is introduced for direct head loss calculation and sizing in dual-diameter laterals of sprinkler and trickle irrigation systems when the hazen-williams equation is to be applied. application of this factor prevents trial and error and uses fewer head-loss equations in calculating the total friction loss and designing dual-diameter laterals. the proposed factor is a function of total num...

There are three main patterns of complex elbow instability: posterolateral (terrible triad), varus posteromedial (anteromedial coronoid fracture with lateral collateral ligament complex disruption), and trans-olecranon fracture dislocations.Radial head fractures, in the setting of complex elbow instability, often require internal fixation or arthroplasty; the outcome of radial head replacement ...

This paper tests the suggestion put forth by Tanner (' 5 5) and Eichorn and Bayley ('62) to the effect that the brain participates i n the parapubertal spurt of growth which characterizes many of the dimensions of the human body. To this end, longitudinal data consisting of oriented head roentgenograms of 11 boys were examined. Two measurements were taken directly from each lateral head film: (...

Vertebral Artery Occlusion Following Hyperextension and Rotation of the Head • This is a case report of a lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg following occlusion of one vertebral artery and stenosis of the opposite artery precipitated by combined motion of hyperextension, rotation, and lateral flexion of the head within physiological limits. Sufficient duration of such head position appear...

Lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia is characterized by mandibular displacement towards the opposite side of the affected muscle. It may be associated with functional disorders affecting speech, swallowing, chewing and facial symmetry. Injection with botulinum toxin is recognized as the most effective treatment. Locating the lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle for the injection is not diff...

BACKGROUND Orientation of the stylohyoid complex (SHC) may be important for evaluation of the patient with orofacial pain or dysphagia. OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to assess the length and angulations of SHC using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 3D images provided by CBCT of 69 patients (36 females, 33 males, age range 15-77 years) were retrospective...

In addition to forward undulatory swimming, eels (and some other elongated swimmers) can swim backwards in a similar way. We compared the kinematics (wave speed, cycle frequency, amplitude, local bending and estimated muscle strain) of forward and backward swimming in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Both swimming modes are characterised by a wave of undulation that travels over the body in ...

The results of an ongoing FEM parametric study are presented regarding the dependence of the resulting piled raft behavior under lateral load and combination of loads on pile diameter, pile length, arrangement of piles and raft thickness. Taguchi method with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to calculate the contribution ratio of these factors on the lateral displacement of piled raft. ...