Studying the mixing of riverine freshwater and coastal water is the fundamental step to further understand the balance of a coastal/estuarine ecosystem (e.g., Hickey et al. 2010), seabed properties, sediment budgets (Gelfenbaum & Kaminsky 2010), and the sustainable management of the fluvial-estuary habitat (e.g., damming, dredging). The nearfield of a river plume represents an energetic environ...

Despite the lack of direct evidence, it is generally believed that top-down signals are mediated by the abundant feedback connections from higher- to lower-order sensory areas. Here we provide direct evidence for a top-down mechanism. We stained the visual cortex of the ferret with a voltage-sensitive dye and presented a short-duration contrast square. This elicited an initial feedforward and l...

Results of cognitive psychology research are analysed to explain why it is diicult for retrieval system users to bring to mind alternative search terms. A human memory model is modiied in such a way that it produces additional search terms instead of human associations. A small experiment shows that such a spreading activation network can nd alternative terms-with a performance similar to the n...

Research on the cognitive consequences of bilingualism suggests a bilingual advantage: early experience with more than one language predicts better inhibitory control of attention. The mechanisms responsible for this advantage, however, are not well understood. We ask whether depth and time-course of memory encoding may be responsible. We measured bilingual and monolingual adults’ memory for no...

Osteochondromas are common benign tumours of bone that often occur in the metaphysodiaphyseal parts of long bones. They rarely occur in the spine. We present a case of solitary osteochondroma arising from the C-1 vertebral lamina, causing neurological symptoms. A 46-year-old man presented to our institution, complaining of pain and numbness originating from his neck and extending down to his le...

Cell-cell adhesion is a dynamic process requiring recruitment, binding, and reorganization of signaling proteins in the plane of the plasma membrane. Here, we describe a new system for investigating how this lateral mobility influences cadherin-based cell signaling. This model is based on tethering of a GPI-modified E-cadherin protein (hEFG) to a supported lipid bilayer. In this report, membran...