Simultaneous production of penicillic acid and patulin by an atypical strain of Penicillium roqueforti isolated from cheddar cheese is reported. Mycotoxin production was confirmed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography and by ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectral analyses. Culture extracts were toxic to Bacillus megaterium and chicken embryos. Commercial strains of P. roqueoforti used i...

avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. the presence of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in chickens in iran has not been previously reported. an avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in july 1998. three aiv isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

Full-length cDNA clones coded for two beta-type homologues of parvalbumin genes, pvalb3a and pvalb3b, were isolated from zebrafish. The homology and phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, revealed that PVALB3A and PVALB3B are co-orthologues to chicken CPV3 and mammalian oncomodulin (OCM) but are divergent from alpha-type PVALB of tetrapods and muscle-type PVALB of bon...

We describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds (a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least...

Welfare issues surrounding intensive farming of layer hens have long been a point of contention for producers and consumers of chicken eggs. These concerns centre mainly on whether the production advantages of conventional cage-based systems can justify the lack of environmental enrichment provided to layer hens. These issues came to a head with the 1999 announcement that conventional cages wil...

The pyloric tonsil is a novel peripheral lymphoepithelial organ of the gastrointestinal tract in the chicken. It forms a complete lymphoid ring at the beginning of the duodenum, where crypts of Lieberkühn are transformed to tonsillar crypts with lymphoepithelial lining. The oesophageal (described previously) and pyloric tonsils are characteristic of the chicken, while they are absent in mammals...

OBJECTIVE Rice Bran Oil (RBO) is extracted from the outer layer of rice. Little information is available regarding its safety. The present study was conducted to assess its safety in chicken embryo model. MATERIALS AND METHODS RBO was injected on day 4 of incubation of chickens. The tissues and serum samples were collected. Oxidative stress parameters in the liver, kidney and brain and bioche...

Egg marketing is the final process of a business activity for breeding chicken eggs where farmers or producers convey results their production to consumers with help institutions. The intense competition in field egg characterized by many agents that offer variety cooperation various advantages. level satisfaction will determine sustainability agents. purpose this study (1) knowing how influenc...