Though our previous study has showed that pretreatment with Orthosiphon Stamineus methanol extract (OSM) prevents gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity. No report has been documented on the effect of Pretreatment of OSM with Cadmium and Lead. Therefore this study aims to investigating the effect of pretreatment with OSM on Cadmium and Lead induced Nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was induced in Wista...

This paper examines vanadium chloride solutions as electrolytes for an all-vanadium redox flow battery. The chloride solutions were capable of dissolving more than 2.3 M vanadium at varied valence states and remained stable at 0-50 °C. The improved stability appeared due to the formation of a vanadium dinuclear [V(2)O(3)·4H(2)O](4+) or a dinuclear-chloro complex [V(2)O(3)Cl·3H(2)O](3+) in the s...

The reaction between IrCl3·xH2O in methanol led to the formation of small amounts of the title compound, [Ir2Cl6(CH3OH)4]·2H2O, which consists of two IrCl4O2 octa-hedra sharing an edge via chloride bridges. The mol-ecule lies across an inversion center. Each octa-hedron can be envisioned as being comprised of four chloride ligands in the equatorial plane with methanol ligands in the axial posit...

In 1989, indole alkaloid okaramines isolated from the fermentation products of Penicillium simplicissimum were shown to be insecticidal, yet the mechanism of their toxicity to insects remains unknown. We therefore examined the action of okaramine B on silkworm larval neurons using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Okaramine B induced inward currents which reversed close to the chloride equilibrium...

Values of ionic transport numbers and ionic mobilities were determined for the fused system KCl-PbCl2. Cation transport numbers of 0.24 (525°C) and 0.78 (850°C) were found for PbCl2 and KCl, respectively. In each mixture studied tdeviated positively and both t+ and t++ deviated negatively from linearity when plotted against equivalent fraction. The initial very rapid depression of total equival...

in the pathogenesis of secretory diarrhea. It is a passive process driven by the active secretion of ion, predominantly chloride. The cellular transport mechanism of intestinal chloride secretion is well defined. Chloride is taken up across the basolateral membrane via a Na /K /2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) and exits across the apical membrane via cAMP-sensitive (CFTR) and calcium-sensitive (CaCC) ...

A new system has been developed for removal of chloride contamination from kraft process liquors. The compact, skid-mounted system which utilizes ion exchange columns only 24 inches in height, is shown to be capable of removing 90-99% of the chloride from a wide variety of sources including dissolved ESP catch, oxidized white liquor, spent bleach scrubber liquors, spent ion exchange demineraliz...

CsPbCl3 nanocrystals are potential ultrapure emitters. But it is challenging to synthesize with sufficient stability, which impedes their application in light-emitting devices. In this work, we report a facile phosphoryl-chemistry-mediated synthesis approach synthesizing stable nanocrystals, the phenylphosphonic dichloride (PhPOCl2) precursor employed. addition high reactivity of P–Cl bond PhPO...